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Abstract：
The mechanical property, microhardness, is evaluated in dental enamel, dentin, and bone in oral disease models, including dental fluorosis and periodontitis. Micro-CT (µCT) provides 3D imaging information (volume and mineral density) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) produces microstructure images (enamel prism and bone lacuna-canalicular). Complementarily to structural analysis by µCT and SEM, microhardness is one of the informative parameters to evaluate how structural changes alter mechanical properties. Despite being a useful parameter, studies on microhardness of alveolar bone in oral diseases are limited. To date, divergent microhardness measurement methods have been reported. Since microhardness values vary depending on the sample preparation (polishing and flat surface) and indentation sites, diverse protocols can cause discrepancies among studies. Standardization of the microhardness protocol is essential for consistent and accurate evaluation in oral disease models. In the present study, we demonstrate a standardized protocol for microhardness analysis in tooth and alveolar bone. Specimens used are as follows: for the dental fluorosis model, incisors were collected from mice treated with/without fluoride-containing water for 6 weeks; for ligature-induced periodontal bone resorption (L-PBR) model, alveolar bones with periodontal bone resorption were collected from mice ligated on the maxillary 2nd molar. At 2 weeks after the ligation, the maxilla was collected. Vickers hardness was analyzed in these specimens according to the standardized protocol. The protocol provides detailed materials and methods for resin embedding, serial polishing, and indentation sites for incisors and alveolar. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first standardized microhardness protocol to evaluate the mechanical properties of tooth and alveolar bone in rodent oral disease models.
摘要：
机械性能,显微硬度,在牙釉质中评估，牙本质,和口腔疾病模型中的骨骼，包括氟斑牙和牙周炎。Micro-CT（µCT）提供3D成像信息（体积和矿物质密度），扫描电子显微镜（SEM）产生微结构图像（釉质棱镜和骨泪小管）。与µCT和SEM的结构分析互补，显微硬度是评估结构变化如何改变机械性能的信息性参数之一。尽管是一个有用的参数，关于口腔疾病中牙槽骨显微硬度的研究有限。迄今为止,已经报道了发散的显微硬度测量方法。由于显微硬度值根据样品制备（抛光和平坦表面）和压痕位置而变化，不同的方案可能会导致研究之间的差异。显微硬度方案的标准化对于口腔疾病模型中的一致和准确评估至关重要。在本研究中,我们演示了牙齿和牙槽骨显微硬度分析的标准化方案.使用的标本如下：对于氟斑牙模型，从接受或不接受含氟水处理6周的小鼠中收集切牙；对于结扎诱导的牙周骨吸收（L-PBR）模型，从结扎在上颌第二磨牙上的小鼠中收集牙周骨吸收的牙槽骨。结扎后2周，上颌骨被收集。根据标准化方案分析这些样品中的维氏硬度。该协议提供了树脂嵌入的详细材料和方法，串行抛光，切牙和牙槽的压痕部位。据我们所知,这是第一个在啮齿动物口腔疾病模型中评估牙齿和牙槽骨机械性能的标准化显微硬度方案.
