Abstract：
The development of a stable roll-to-roll (R2R) process for flexible large-area perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and modules is a pressing challenge. In this study, we introduced a new R2R PSC manufacturing system that employs a two-step deposition method for coating perovskite and uses intensive pulsed light (IPL) for annealing. This system has successfully fabricated small-sized cells and the first-ever large-sized, R2R-processed flexible modules. A key focus of our work was to accelerate the conversion of PbI2 to perovskite. To this end, we utilized IPL annealing and incorporated additives into the PbI2 layer. With these modifications, the R2R-processed perovskite films achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.87%, representing the highest reported value for R2R two-step processed PSCs. However, these cells exhibited hysteresis in reverse and forward PCE measurements. To address this, we introduced a dual-annealing process consisting of IPL followed by a 2-min thermal heating step. This approach successfully reduced hysteresis, resulting in low-hysteresis, R2R-processed flexible PSCs. Moreover, we fabricated large-scale flexible modules (10 × 10 cm2) with a PCE of 11.25% using the dual-annealing system, marking a significant milestone in this field.
摘要：
开发用于柔性大面积钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）和模块的稳定的卷对卷（R2R）工艺是一项紧迫的挑战。在这项研究中,我们介绍了一种新的R2RPSC制造系统，该系统采用两步沉积方法涂覆钙钛矿，并使用强脉冲光（IPL）进行退火。该系统已经成功地制造了小尺寸的细胞和有史以来第一个大尺寸,R2R处理的柔性模块。我们工作的重点是加速PbI2向钙钛矿的转化。为此,我们利用IPL退火并将添加剂掺入到PbI2层中。有了这些修改,R2R处理的钙钛矿薄膜实现了16.87%的功率转换效率(PCE)，代表R2R两步处理PSC的最高报告值。然而,这些细胞在反向和正向PCE测量中表现出滞后现象。为了解决这个问题，我们引入了由IPL组成的双重退火过程，然后进行2分钟的加热步骤。这种方法成功地减少了滞后，导致低滞后，R2R处理的柔性PSC。此外，我们使用双退火系统制造了PCE为11.25％的大型柔性模块（10×10cm2），标志着这一领域的重要里程碑。
