Abstract：
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the branch of science aiming at creating algorithms able to carry out tasks that typically require human intelligence. In medicine, there has been a tremendous increase in AI applications thanks to increasingly powerful computers and the emergence of big data repositories. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition affecting the central nervous system with a complex pathogenesis, a challenging diagnostic process strongly relying on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a high and largely unexplained variability across patients. Therefore, AI applications in MS have the great potential of helping us better support the diagnosis, find markers for prognosis to eventually design more powerful randomised clinical trials and improve patient management in clinical practice and eventually understand the mechanisms of the disease. This topical review aims to summarise the recent advances in AI applied to MRI data in MS to illustrate its achievements, limitations and future directions.
摘要：
人工智能（AI）是科学的分支，旨在创建能够执行通常需要人类智能的任务的算法。在医学上,由于越来越强大的计算机和大数据存储库的出现，AI应用程序有了巨大的增长。多发性硬化（MS）是一种影响中枢神经系统的慢性自身免疫性疾病，具有复杂的发病机制，在很大程度上依赖于磁共振成像(MRI)的具有挑战性的诊断过程以及患者之间高度且在很大程度上无法解释的变异性。因此,AI在MS中的应用具有帮助我们更好地支持诊断的巨大潜力，找到预后标志物，最终设计更强大的随机临床试验，改善临床实践中的患者管理，并最终了解疾病的机制。这篇专题综述旨在总结人工智能应用于MSMRI数据的最新进展，以说明其成就。局限性和未来方向。
