Abstract：
Biological invasions pose a rapidly expanding threat to the persistence, functioning and service provisioning of ecosystems globally, and to socio-economic interests. The stages of successful invasions are driven by the same mechanism that underlies adaptive changes across species in general-via natural selection on intraspecific variation in traits that influence survival and reproductive performance (i.e., fitness). Surprisingly, however, the rapid progress in the field of invasion science has resulted in a predominance of species-level approaches (such as deny lists), often irrespective of natural selection theory, local adaptation and other population-level processes that govern successful invasions. To address these issues, we analyse non-native species dynamics at the population level by employing a database of European freshwater macroinvertebrate time series, to investigate spreading speed, abundance dynamics and impact assessments among populations. Our findings reveal substantial variability in spreading speed and abundance trends within and between macroinvertebrate species across biogeographic regions, indicating that levels of invasiveness and impact differ markedly. Discrepancies and inconsistencies among species-level risk screenings and real population-level data were also identified, highlighting the inherent challenges in accurately assessing population-level effects through species-level assessments. In recognition of the importance of population-level assessments, we urge a shift in invasive species management frameworks, which should account for the dynamics of different populations and their environmental context. Adopting an adaptive, region-specific and population-focused approach is imperative, considering the diverse ecological contexts and varying degrees of susceptibility. Such an approach could improve and refine risk assessments while promoting mechanistic understandings of risks and impacts, thereby enabling the development of more effective conservation and management strategies.
摘要：
生物入侵对持久性构成了迅速扩大的威胁，全球生态系统的功能和服务供应，以及社会经济利益。成功入侵的阶段是由同一机制驱动的，该机制通常是跨物种的适应性变化的基础-通过自然选择影响生存和繁殖性能的性状的种内变异（即，fitness).令人惊讶的是,然而,入侵科学领域的快速发展导致了物种级别方法（例如拒绝列表）的优势，通常不考虑自然选择理论，当地适应和其他控制成功入侵的人口水平过程。为了解决这些问题,我们通过使用欧洲淡水大型无脊椎动物时间序列数据库来分析种群水平的非本地物种动态，为了调查传播速度，种群间的丰度动态和影响评估。我们的发现揭示了跨生物地理区域的大型无脊椎动物物种内部和之间的传播速度和丰度趋势的巨大差异，表明侵入性和影响水平明显不同。还发现了物种级风险筛查和实际种群级数据之间的差异和不一致，强调通过物种水平评估准确评估种群水平影响的内在挑战。认识到人口一级评估的重要性，我们敦促改变入侵物种管理框架，这应该考虑不同人群的动态及其环境背景。采用适应性，针对特定地区和以人口为中心的方法势在必行，考虑到不同的生态环境和不同程度的易感性。这种方法可以改进和完善风险评估，同时促进对风险和影响的机械理解，从而能够制定更有效的保护和管理策略。
