Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Three-dimensional (3D) endoscopy has been developed to provide depth perception to allow for improved visualisation during otolaryngology surgery. We conducted a systematic review to determine the surgical safety and efficacy of 3D endoscopy in comparison to two-dimensional (2D) endoscopy in performing otolaryngology procedures, and the role of 3D endoscopy as a training tool for novice otolaryngology surgeons.
METHODS: Primary studies were identified through MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases, which were searched for articles published through June 2022 that compared the outcomes of 2D and 3D endoscopy in otolaryngology surgical procedures or otolaryngology-relevant simulations. Candidate articles were independently reviewed by two authors.
RESULTS: A total of 18 full-text articles met inclusion criteria for this study. In clinical trials (n = 8 studies, 362 subjects), there were no significant differences in performance time, intraoperative or postoperative complications with 3D endoscopes when compared to 2D. In simulation studies (n = 10 studies, 336 participants), 3D endoscopes demonstrated a decreased error rate (n = 5 studies) and shorter performance time (n = 3 studies). Studies also reported improved depth perception (n = 14 studies) and visualisation preference (n = 5 studies) with 3D over 2D systems. The 3D systems were found to have a shorter learning curve and better manoeuvrability among novice surgeons.
CONCLUSIONS: 3D endoscopy showed equivalent safety and efficacy compared to 2D endoscopy in otolaryngology surgery. The improved depth perception and performance for novices using 3D endoscopes suggests the technology may be superior to 2D endoscopes as a training tool for otolaryngology surgeons.
METHODS: Primary studies were identified through MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases, which were searched for articles published through June 2022 that compared the outcomes of 2D and 3D endoscopy in otolaryngology surgical procedures or otolaryngology-relevant simulations. Candidate articles were independently reviewed by two authors.
RESULTS: A total of 18 full-text articles met inclusion criteria for this study. In clinical trials (n = 8 studies, 362 subjects), there were no significant differences in performance time, intraoperative or postoperative complications with 3D endoscopes when compared to 2D. In simulation studies (n = 10 studies, 336 participants), 3D endoscopes demonstrated a decreased error rate (n = 5 studies) and shorter performance time (n = 3 studies). Studies also reported improved depth perception (n = 14 studies) and visualisation preference (n = 5 studies) with 3D over 2D systems. The 3D systems were found to have a shorter learning curve and better manoeuvrability among novice surgeons.
CONCLUSIONS: 3D endoscopy showed equivalent safety and efficacy compared to 2D endoscopy in otolaryngology surgery. The improved depth perception and performance for novices using 3D endoscopes suggests the technology may be superior to 2D endoscopes as a training tool for otolaryngology surgeons.
摘要：
目的：三维（3D）内窥镜检查已被开发用于提供深度感知，以改善耳鼻咽喉科手术期间的可视化。我们进行了系统评价，以确定3D内窥镜在执行耳鼻喉科手术中与二维（2D）内窥镜检查相比的手术安全性和有效性。以及3D内窥镜作为新手耳鼻喉科外科医生培训工具的作用。
方法：主要研究通过MEDLINE，Embase和WebofScience数据库,搜索了截至2022年6月发表的文章，这些文章比较了2D和3D内窥镜检查在耳鼻咽喉科外科手术或耳鼻咽喉科相关模拟中的结果。候选文章由两名作者独立审查。
结果：共有18篇全文文章符合本研究的纳入标准。在临床试验中(n=8项研究，362科目），表演时间没有显著差异，与2D相比，3D内窥镜的术中或术后并发症。在模拟研究中(n=10个研究，336名参与者)，3D内窥镜显示出较低的错误率（n=5项研究）和较短的性能时间（n=3项研究）。研究还报告了3D优于2D系统的深度感知（n=14项研究）和可视化偏好（n=5项研究）。发现3D系统在新手外科医生中具有更短的学习曲线和更好的可操作性。
结论：在耳鼻咽喉科手术中，与2D内窥镜相比，3D内窥镜显示出同等的安全性和有效性。使用3D内窥镜的新手的改进的深度感知和性能表明，该技术可能优于2D内窥镜作为耳鼻喉科外科医生的培训工具。
方法：主要研究通过MEDLINE，Embase和WebofScience数据库,搜索了截至2022年6月发表的文章，这些文章比较了2D和3D内窥镜检查在耳鼻咽喉科外科手术或耳鼻咽喉科相关模拟中的结果。候选文章由两名作者独立审查。
结果：共有18篇全文文章符合本研究的纳入标准。在临床试验中(n=8项研究，362科目），表演时间没有显著差异，与2D相比，3D内窥镜的术中或术后并发症。在模拟研究中(n=10个研究，336名参与者)，3D内窥镜显示出较低的错误率（n=5项研究）和较短的性能时间（n=3项研究）。研究还报告了3D优于2D系统的深度感知（n=14项研究）和可视化偏好（n=5项研究）。发现3D系统在新手外科医生中具有更短的学习曲线和更好的可操作性。
结论：在耳鼻咽喉科手术中，与2D内窥镜相比，3D内窥镜显示出同等的安全性和有效性。使用3D内窥镜的新手的改进的深度感知和性能表明，该技术可能优于2D内窥镜作为耳鼻喉科外科医生的培训工具。
