PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
For centuries, medicinal plants have been used as sources of remedies and treatments for various disorders and diseases. Recently, there has been renewed interest in these plants due to their potential pharmaceutical properties, offering natural alternatives to synthetic drugs. Echinacea, among the world\'s most important medicinal plants, possesses immunological, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. Nevertheless, there is a notable lack of thorough information regarding the echinacea species, underscoring the vital need for a comprehensive review paper to consolidate existing knowledge. The current review provides a thorough analysis of the existing knowledge on recent advances in understanding the physiology, secondary metabolites, agronomy, and ecology of echinacea plants, focusing on E. purpurea, E. angustifolia, and E. pallida. Pharmacologically advantageous effects of echinacea species on human health, particularly distinguished for its ability to safeguard the nervous system and combat cancer, are discussed. We also highlight challenges in echinacea research and provide insights into diverse approaches to boost the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of interest in echinacea plants and optimize their large-scale farming. Various academic databases were employed to carry out an extensive literature review of publications from 2001 to 2024. The medicinal properties of echinacea plants are attributed to diverse classes of compounds, including caffeic acid derivatives (CADs), chicoric acid, echinacoside, chlorogenic acid, cynarine, phenolic and flavonoid compounds, polysaccharides, and alkylamides. Numerous critical issues have emerged, including the identification of active metabolites with limited bioavailability, the elucidation of specific molecular signaling pathways or targets linked to echinacoside effects, and the scarcity of robust clinical trials. This raises the overarching question of whether scientific inquiry can effectively contribute to harnessing the potential of natural compounds. A systematic review and analysis are essential to furnish insights and lay the groundwork for future research endeavors focused on the echinacea natural products.
摘要：
几个世纪以来,药用植物已被用作各种疾病和疾病的补救措施和治疗的来源。最近,由于其潜在的制药特性，人们对这些植物重新产生了兴趣，提供合成药物的天然替代品。紫锥菊,在世界上最重要的药用植物中，具有免疫学，抗菌，抗真菌药,和抗病毒特性。然而，关于紫锥菊物种的全面信息明显缺乏，强调迫切需要一份全面的审查文件来巩固现有知识。当前的评论提供了对现有知识的透彻分析，了解生理学的最新进展，次生代谢产物,农学，和紫锥菊植物的生态学，专注于紫癜，E.angustifolia,还有E.Pallida.紫锥菊物种对人类健康的药理学有利作用，以其保护神经系统和对抗癌症的能力而著称，正在讨论。我们还强调紫锥菊研究中的挑战，并提供各种方法的见解，以促进紫锥菊植物中感兴趣的次生代谢物的生物合成，并优化其大规模养殖。使用各种学术数据库对2001年至2024年的出版物进行了广泛的文献综述。紫锥菊植物的药用特性归因于不同类别的化合物，包括咖啡酸衍生物（CADs），菊苣酸,松果苷,绿原酸,西洋氨酸,酚类和类黄酮化合物，多糖，和烷基酰胺。出现了许多关键问题，包括具有有限生物利用度的活性代谢物的鉴定，阐明与松果苷作用相关的特定分子信号通路或靶标，以及缺乏强有力的临床试验。这提出了一个首要问题，即科学探究是否可以有效地促进利用天然化合物的潜力。系统的回顾和分析对于提供见解并为未来的研究工作奠定基础至关重要紫锥菊天然产物。
