PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The Mediterranean diet (MD), rich in minimally processed plant foods and in monounsaturated fats but low in saturated fats, meat, and dairy products, represents one of the most studied diets for cardiovascular health. It has been shown, from both observational and randomized controlled trials, that MD reduces body weight, improves cardiovascular disease surrogates such as waist-to-hip ratios, lipids, and inflammation markers, and even prevents the development of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and other diseases. However, it is unclear whether it offers cardiovascular benefits from its individual components or as a whole. Furthermore, limitations in the methodology of studies and meta-analyses have raised some concerns over its potential cardiovascular benefits. MD is also associated with characteristic changes in the intestinal microbiota, mediated through its constituents. These include increased growth of species producing short-chain fatty acids, such as Clostridium leptum and Eubacterium rectale, increased growth of Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, and reduced growth of Firmicutes and Blautia species. Such changes are known to be favorably associated with inflammation, oxidative status, and overall metabolic health. This review will focus on the effects of MD on cardiovascular health through its action on gut microbiota.
摘要：
地中海饮食（MD），富含最低限度加工的植物性食品和单不饱和脂肪，但饱和脂肪含量低，肉，和乳制品，代表心血管健康研究最多的饮食之一。它已经被证明，来自观察性和随机对照试验，MD能减轻体重，改善心血管疾病替代品，如腰臀比，脂质，和炎症标志物，甚至阻止致命和非致命心血管疾病的发展，糖尿病,肥胖，和其他疾病。然而,尚不清楚它是否从其单个成分或整体中提供心血管益处。此外，研究方法和荟萃分析的局限性引发了人们对其潜在心血管益处的一些担忧.MD还与肠道微生物群的特征性变化有关，通过其成分介导。这些包括增加产生短链脂肪酸的物种的生长，如慢梭菌和Eubacteriumrectale，双歧杆菌的生长增加，拟杆菌,和prausnitzii粪杆菌，并减少了Firmicutes和Blautia物种的生长。已知这种变化与炎症有利地相关，氧化状态，和整体代谢健康。本文将重点介绍MD通过对肠道微生物群的作用对心血管健康的影响。
