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Abstract：
This study aimed to investigate differences in testicular tissue morphology, gene expression, and marker genes between sexually immature (1-year-old) and sexually mature (10-year-old) Mongolian horses. The purposes of our research were to provide insights into the reproductive physiology of male Mongolian horses and to identify potential markers for sexual maturity. The methods we applied included the transcriptomic profiling of testicular cells using single-cell sequencing techniques. Our results revealed significant differences in tissue morphology and gene expression patterns between the two age groups. Specifically, 25 cell clusters and 10 cell types were identified, including spermatogonial and somatic cells. Differential gene expression analysis highlighted distinct patterns related to cellular infrastructure in sexually immature horses and spermatogenesis in sexually mature horses. Marker genes specific to each stage were also identified, including APOA1, AMH, TAC3, INHA, SPARC, and SOX9 for the sexually immature stage, and PRM1, PRM2, LOC100051500, PRSS37, HMGB4, and H1-9 for the sexually mature stage. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of testicular development and spermatogenesis in Mongolian horses and have potential applications in equine reproductive biology and breeding programs. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual maturity in Mongolian horses.
摘要：
本研究旨在探讨睾丸组织形态学的差异,基因表达，和性不成熟（1岁）和性成熟（10岁）的蒙古马之间的标记基因。我们研究的目的是提供对雄性蒙古马的生殖生理的见解，并确定性成熟的潜在标记。我们应用的方法包括使用单细胞测序技术对睾丸细胞进行转录组学分析。我们的结果表明，两个年龄组之间的组织形态和基因表达模式存在显着差异。具体来说,确定了25个细胞簇和10种细胞类型，包括精原和体细胞。差异基因表达分析强调了与性未成熟马的细胞基础结构和性成熟马的精子发生有关的不同模式。还鉴定了每个阶段特有的标记基因，包括APOA1，AMH，TAC3,INHA,SPARC,和SOX9在性不成熟阶段，和PRM1，PRM2，LOC100051500，PRSS37，HMGB4和H1-9为性成熟阶段。这些发现有助于更深入地了解蒙古马的睾丸发育和精子发生，并在马生殖生物学和育种计划中具有潜在的应用。总之,这项研究为蒙古马性成熟的分子机制提供了有价值的见解。
