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Abstract：
A series of new granular carbonaceous adsorbents was prepared via single-stage physical and chemical activation of walnut shells. Their suitability for removing various types of organic pollutants (represented by dyes, surfactants and water-soluble polymers) from the liquid phase was assessed. The activation of the precursor was carried out with CO2 and H3PO4 using conventional heating. Activated biocarbons were characterized in terms of chemical composition, acidic-basic nature of the surface, textural and electrokinetic properties as well as thermal stability. Depending on the type of activating agent used during the activation procedure, the obtained biocarbons differed in terms of specific surface area (from 401 to 1361 m2/g) and the type of porous structure produced (microporosity contribution in the range of 45-75%). Adsorption tests proved that the effectiveness of removing organic pollutants from the liquid phase depended to a large extent on the type of prepared adsorbent as well as the chemical nature and the molecular size of the adsorbate used. The chemically activated sample showed greater removal efficiency in relation to all tested pollutants. Its maximum adsorption capacity for methylene blue, poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene glycol) and Triton X-100 reached the levels of 247.1, 680.9, 38.5 and 61.8 mg/g, respectively.
摘要：
通过单级物理和化学活化核桃壳，制备了一系列新型颗粒状碳质吸附剂。它们适用于去除各种类型的有机污染物（以染料为代表，评估了液相中的表面活性剂和水溶性聚合物）。使用常规加热用CO2和H3PO4进行前体的活化。活化的生物碳在化学组成方面进行了表征，表面的酸性-碱性，质地和电动特性以及热稳定性。根据激活过程中使用的活化剂类型，所获得的生物碳在比表面积（从401到1361m2/g）和所产生的多孔结构的类型（微孔率贡献在45-75％的范围内）方面有所不同。吸附测试证明，从液相中去除有机污染物的有效性在很大程度上取决于制备的吸附剂的类型以及所用吸附物的化学性质和分子大小。相对于所有测试的污染物，化学活化的样品显示出更高的去除效率。其对亚甲基蓝的最大吸附能力，聚(丙烯酸),聚（乙二醇）和TritonX-100达到247.1、680.9、38.5和61.8mg/g的水平，分别。
