Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is a common non-motor feature of Parkinson disease (PD). GI symptoms may start years before the onset of motor symptoms and impair quality of life. Robust clinical trial data is lacking to guide screening, diagnosis and treatment of GI dysfunction in PD.
OBJECTIVE: To develop consensus statements on screening, diagnosis, and treatment of GI dysfunction in PD.
METHODS: The application of a modified Delphi panel allowed for the synthesis of expert opinions into clinical statements. Consensus was predefined as a level of agreement of 100 % for each item. Five virtual Delphi rounds were held. Two movement disorders neurologists reviewed the literature on GI dysfunction in PD and developed draft statements based on the literature review. Draft statements were distributed among the panel that included five movement disorder neurologists and two gastroenterologists, both experts in GI dysmotility and its impact on PD symptoms. All members reviewed the statements and references in advance of the virtual meetings. In the virtual meetings, each statement was discussed, edited, and a vote was conducted. If there was not 100 % consensus, further discussions and modifications ensued until there was consensus.
RESULTS: Statements were developed for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of common GI symptoms in PD and were organized by anatomic segments: oral cavity and esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon and anorectum.
CONCLUSIONS: These consensus recommendations offer a practical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of GI dysfunction in PD.
OBJECTIVE: To develop consensus statements on screening, diagnosis, and treatment of GI dysfunction in PD.
METHODS: The application of a modified Delphi panel allowed for the synthesis of expert opinions into clinical statements. Consensus was predefined as a level of agreement of 100 % for each item. Five virtual Delphi rounds were held. Two movement disorders neurologists reviewed the literature on GI dysfunction in PD and developed draft statements based on the literature review. Draft statements were distributed among the panel that included five movement disorder neurologists and two gastroenterologists, both experts in GI dysmotility and its impact on PD symptoms. All members reviewed the statements and references in advance of the virtual meetings. In the virtual meetings, each statement was discussed, edited, and a vote was conducted. If there was not 100 % consensus, further discussions and modifications ensued until there was consensus.
RESULTS: Statements were developed for screening, diagnosis, and treatment of common GI symptoms in PD and were organized by anatomic segments: oral cavity and esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon and anorectum.
CONCLUSIONS: These consensus recommendations offer a practical framework for the diagnosis and treatment of GI dysfunction in PD.
摘要：
背景：胃肠道（GI）功能障碍是帕金森病（PD）的常见非运动特征。胃肠道症状可能在运动症状发作前几年开始，并损害生活质量。缺乏强有力的临床试验数据来指导筛查，PD胃肠道功能障碍的诊断和治疗。
目的：为了制定关于筛查的共识声明，诊断,和治疗的胃肠道功能障碍的PD。
方法：使用改良的Delphi小组可以将专家意见合成为临床陈述。共识被预先定义为每个项目100%的协议水平。举行了五轮虚拟Delphi。两位运动障碍神经学家回顾了有关PD胃肠道功能障碍的文献，并在文献综述的基础上制定了陈述草案。在包括五名运动障碍神经学家和两名胃肠病学家的小组中分发了陈述草案，胃肠道动力障碍及其对PD症状的影响的专家。所有成员在虚拟会议之前审查了声明和参考资料。在虚拟会议中,每个陈述都进行了讨论，编辑,并进行了投票。如果没有100%的共识，随后进行了进一步的讨论和修改，直到达成共识。
结果：为筛查制定了声明，诊断,以及对PD中常见胃肠道症状的治疗，并按解剖节段进行组织：口腔和食道，胃,小肠,还有结肠和肛门直肠.
结论：这些共识建议为PD中胃肠道功能障碍的诊断和治疗提供了一个实用的框架。
目的：为了制定关于筛查的共识声明，诊断,和治疗的胃肠道功能障碍的PD。
方法：使用改良的Delphi小组可以将专家意见合成为临床陈述。共识被预先定义为每个项目100%的协议水平。举行了五轮虚拟Delphi。两位运动障碍神经学家回顾了有关PD胃肠道功能障碍的文献，并在文献综述的基础上制定了陈述草案。在包括五名运动障碍神经学家和两名胃肠病学家的小组中分发了陈述草案，胃肠道动力障碍及其对PD症状的影响的专家。所有成员在虚拟会议之前审查了声明和参考资料。在虚拟会议中,每个陈述都进行了讨论，编辑,并进行了投票。如果没有100%的共识，随后进行了进一步的讨论和修改，直到达成共识。
结果：为筛查制定了声明，诊断,以及对PD中常见胃肠道症状的治疗，并按解剖节段进行组织：口腔和食道，胃,小肠,还有结肠和肛门直肠.
结论：这些共识建议为PD中胃肠道功能障碍的诊断和治疗提供了一个实用的框架。
