Abstract：
Antibiotic residue and bacterial resistance induced by antibiotic abuse have seriously threatened food safety and human healthiness. Thus, the development and application of safe, high-efficiency, and environmentally friendly antibiotic alternatives are urgently necessary. Apart from antitumor, antivirus, anti-inflammatory, gut microbiota regulation, immunity improvement, and growth promotion activities, polysaccharides also have antibacterial activity, but such activity is relatively low, which cannot satisfy the requirements of food preservation, clinical sterilization, livestock feeding, and agricultural cultivation. Chemical modification not only provides polysaccharides with better antibacterial activity, but also promotes easy operation and large-scale production. Herein, the enhancement of the antibacterial activity of polysaccharides via acetylation, sulfation, phosphorylation, carboxymethylation, selenation, amination, acid graft, and other chemical modifications is reviewed. Meanwhile, a new trend on the application of loading chemically modified polysaccharides into nanostructures is discussed. Furthermore, possible limitations and future recommendations for the development and application of chemically modified polysaccharides with better antibacterial activity are suggested.
摘要：
抗生素残留和滥用引起的细菌耐药性已严重威胁到食品安全和人类健康。因此，安全的开发和应用，高效率,和环境友好的抗生素替代品是迫切需要的。除了抗肿瘤，防病毒，抗炎,肠道微生物群调节，提高免疫力，和促进增长活动，多糖也有抗菌活性，但是这种活动相对较低，不能满足食品保存的要求，临床灭菌，家畜喂养,农业种植。化学修饰不仅为多糖提供更好的抗菌活性，而且还促进了易于操作和大规模生产。在这里，通过乙酰化增强多糖的抗菌活性，硫酸化，磷酸化,羧甲基化,硒化，amination,酸接枝，和其他化学修饰进行了综述。同时,讨论了将化学修饰的多糖加载到纳米结构中的应用的新趋势。此外，提出了具有更好抗菌活性的化学修饰多糖的开发和应用的可能局限性和未来建议。
