Abstract：
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptors (RORs) serve as transcription factors that play a pivotal role in a myriad of physiological processes within the body. Their involvement extends to critical biological processes that confer protective effects in the heart, immune system, and nervous system, as well as contributing to the mitigation of several aggressive cancer types. These protective functions are attributed to ROR\'s regulation of key proteins and the management of various cellular processes, including autophagy, mitophagy, inflammation, oxidative stress, and glucose metabolism, highlighting the emerging need for pharmacological approaches to modulate ROR expression. Thus, the modulation of RORs is a rapidly growing area of research aimed not only at comprehending these receptors, but also at manipulating them to attain the desired physiological response. Despite the presence of natural ROR ligands, the development of synthetic agonists with high selectivity for these receptors holds substantial therapeutic potential. The exploration and advancement of such compounds can effectively target diseases associated with ROR dysregulation, thereby providing avenues for therapeutic interventions. Herein, we provide a comprehensive examination of the multifaceted role of ROR in diverse physiological and pathophysiological conditions, accompanied by an in-depth exploration of a spectrum of ROR agonists, inverse agonists, and antagonists.
摘要：
视黄酸相关的孤儿受体（ROR）作为转录因子，在体内的许多生理过程中起关键作用。它们的参与延伸到赋予心脏保护作用的关键生物过程，免疫系统,神经系统,以及有助于缓解几种侵袭性癌症类型。这些保护功能归因于ROR对关键蛋白质的调节和对各种细胞过程的管理，包括自噬,线粒体自噬,炎症,氧化应激和葡萄糖代谢，强调了对调节ROR表达的药理学方法的新兴需求。因此，ROR的调节是一个快速增长的研究领域,其目的不仅在于理解这些受体,而且在于操纵它们以获得所需的生理反应。尽管存在天然ROR配体，对这些受体具有高选择性的合成激动剂的开发具有巨大的治疗潜力。此类化合物的探索和进步可以有效地针对与ROR失调相关的疾病，从而为治疗干预提供途径。在这里，我们全面检查了ROR在不同生理和病理生理条件下的多方面作用，伴随着对ROR激动剂谱的深入探索，反向激动剂和拮抗剂。
