Abstract：
Foodborne diseases caused by bacterial contamination are a serious threat to food safety and human health. The classical plate culture method has the problems of long detection cycle, low sensitivity and specificity, and complicated operation, which cannot meet the growing demand for rapid quantitative detection of pathogenic bacteria. The frequent outbreak of foodborne diseases has put forward higher requirements for rapid and simple detection technology of foodborne pathogens. Aptamer is a kind of oligonucleotide fragment that can recognize targets with the advantages of high affinity and good specificity. The target can be range from proteins, small molecules, cells bacteria, and even viruses. Herein, the latest advances in sensitive and rapid detection of foodborne pathogens based on aptamer recognition was reviewed. Special attention has been paid to the obtained sequences of aptamers to various foodborne pathogens, the optimization of sequences, and the mechanism of aptamer recognition. Then, the research progress of biosensors for the detection of pathogenic bacteria based on aptamer recognition were summarized. Some challenges and prospects for the detection of foodborne pathogens based on aptamer recognition were prospected. In summary, with the further deepening of aptamer research and improvement of detection technology, aptamer-based recognition can meet the needs of rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection in practical applications.
摘要：
细菌沾染惹起的食源性疾病严重威逼食物平安和人类安康。经典的平板培养方法存在检测周期长的问题,低敏感性和特异性，复杂的操作，不能满足日益增长的病原菌快速定量检测的需求。食源性疾病的频繁爆发,对食源性致病菌快速简便的检测技术提出了更高的要求。核酸适配体是一种能够识别靶标的寡核苷酸片段,具有亲和力高、特异性好等优点。目标可以是蛋白质，小分子,细胞细菌，甚至病毒。在这里，综述了基于适体识别的食源性致病菌灵敏快速检测的最新进展。特别注意获得的各种食源性病原体的适体序列，序列的优化，以及适体识别的机制。然后，综述了基于适体识别的病原菌生物传感器的研究进展。展望了基于适体识别的食源性致病菌检测面临的一些挑战和前景。总之,随着适体研究的进一步深入和检测技术的完善,基于适体的识别可以满足快速、敏感,并在实际应用中精确检测。
