Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present retrospective case series was to longitudinally assess soft tissue volume changes on the vestibular aspect of implants in relation to keratinized mucosa thickness (KMT) and width (KMW) after the application of the microsurgical envelope technique combined with a connective tissue graft (CTG).
METHODS: A total of 12 healthy patients received 12 dental implants placed either in the posterior maxilla or mandible. The study involved the harvesting of 12 CTGs with a minimally invasive single-incision technique, grafted to the vestibular peri-implant soft tissue utilizing the envelope technique, followed by the insertion of 12 screw-retained IPS e.max crowns.
RESULTS: The healing process was uneventful across all areas, and all patients were followed up for a period of 5 years. The evaluation of KMT showed the highest decrease in the first 6 weeks after surgery (5.5 ± 0.79 to 4.59 ± 0.62 mm), then dropped slightly to 4 ± 0.85 mm, after which it maintained at 4 ± 0.36 mm until the 2-year time point. Between the second and third years after surgery, a further decrease of 3.59 ± 0.42 mm was recorded for KMT, which then remained constant until the end of the 5-year research period. The observations regarding KMW were slightly different, with the measurements demonstrating the greatest decrease in first 6 weeks (from 2.5 ± 0.42 to 1.5 ± 0.42 mm), which was maintained until the 1-year time point. Between the first and second years after surgery, the KMW increased to 2 ± 0.60 mm and remained level for the next 3 years, at 2 ± 0.85 mm.
CONCLUSIONS: The current research demonstrated the advantages of using a combination of a minimally invasively harvested CTG and the microsurgical envelope technique for a duration of 5 years.
METHODS: A total of 12 healthy patients received 12 dental implants placed either in the posterior maxilla or mandible. The study involved the harvesting of 12 CTGs with a minimally invasive single-incision technique, grafted to the vestibular peri-implant soft tissue utilizing the envelope technique, followed by the insertion of 12 screw-retained IPS e.max crowns.
RESULTS: The healing process was uneventful across all areas, and all patients were followed up for a period of 5 years. The evaluation of KMT showed the highest decrease in the first 6 weeks after surgery (5.5 ± 0.79 to 4.59 ± 0.62 mm), then dropped slightly to 4 ± 0.85 mm, after which it maintained at 4 ± 0.36 mm until the 2-year time point. Between the second and third years after surgery, a further decrease of 3.59 ± 0.42 mm was recorded for KMT, which then remained constant until the end of the 5-year research period. The observations regarding KMW were slightly different, with the measurements demonstrating the greatest decrease in first 6 weeks (from 2.5 ± 0.42 to 1.5 ± 0.42 mm), which was maintained until the 1-year time point. Between the first and second years after surgery, the KMW increased to 2 ± 0.60 mm and remained level for the next 3 years, at 2 ± 0.85 mm.
CONCLUSIONS: The current research demonstrated the advantages of using a combination of a minimally invasively harvested CTG and the microsurgical envelope technique for a duration of 5 years.
摘要：
目的：本回顾性病例系列的目的是纵向评估植入物前庭方面的软组织体积变化与应用后角化粘膜厚度（KMT）和宽度（KMW）的关系。显微外科包膜技术结合结缔组织移植物（CTG）。
方法：共有12名健康患者接受了12个放置在上颌骨后部或下颌骨的牙种植体。该研究涉及使用微创单切口技术采集12个CTGs，利用包膜技术移植到前庭种植体周围软组织，然后插入12个螺钉固定的IPSe.max冠。
结果：所有地区的愈合过程都很顺利，所有患者均随访5年。KMT的评估显示在手术后的前6周下降幅度最大（5.5±0.79至4.59±0.62mm），然后稍微下降到4±0.85毫米，之后，它保持在4±0.36毫米，直到2年的时间点。手术后的第二年和第三年之间，KMT进一步减少了3.59±0.42毫米，然后保持不变，直到5年的研究期结束。关于KMW的观察结果略有不同，测量显示在前6周最大的下降（从2.5±0.42到1.5±0.42毫米），一直维持到1年的时间点。手术后的第一年和第二年，KMW增加到2±0.60毫米，并在未来3年内保持水平，在2±0.85毫米。
结论：当前的研究证明了使用微创收获CTG和显微外科包膜技术的组合持续5年的优势。
方法：共有12名健康患者接受了12个放置在上颌骨后部或下颌骨的牙种植体。该研究涉及使用微创单切口技术采集12个CTGs，利用包膜技术移植到前庭种植体周围软组织，然后插入12个螺钉固定的IPSe.max冠。
结果：所有地区的愈合过程都很顺利，所有患者均随访5年。KMT的评估显示在手术后的前6周下降幅度最大（5.5±0.79至4.59±0.62mm），然后稍微下降到4±0.85毫米，之后，它保持在4±0.36毫米，直到2年的时间点。手术后的第二年和第三年之间，KMT进一步减少了3.59±0.42毫米，然后保持不变，直到5年的研究期结束。关于KMW的观察结果略有不同，测量显示在前6周最大的下降（从2.5±0.42到1.5±0.42毫米），一直维持到1年的时间点。手术后的第一年和第二年，KMW增加到2±0.60毫米，并在未来3年内保持水平，在2±0.85毫米。
结论：当前的研究证明了使用微创收获CTG和显微外科包膜技术的组合持续5年的优势。
