Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Immunosuppressive drugs (ISD) present a narrow therapeutic window and extremely high inter- and intra-individual pharmacokinetic variability, which complicates their use in solid organ transplant recipients. In order to find a narrow appropriate equilibrium for each patient with the aim of maintaining clinical efficacy and reducing the risk of adverse drug reactions, a complex both clinical and biological monitoring is required, in particular through the use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM).
UNASSIGNED: This review provides an overview of the available information on the relationship between exposure to immunosuppressive drugs and their efficacy and/or toxicity in kidney and liver transplantation. The aim of the review is to describe the pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic relationship that exists for immunosuppressive drugs, to summarize the studies that assess the value of TDM for these drugs in clinical practice, and to present the target and monitoring strategies aimed at optimizing patient immunosuppression, which could help to take a step forward in the field of solid organ transplant patient care.
UNASSIGNED: To improve the care of transplant patients, several TDM innovations can be pursued by investigators. Among these, the development of microsampling methods for TDM or the combination of pharmacodynamic biomarkers with ISD exposure measurements appear to be relevant strategies.
UNASSIGNED: This review provides an overview of the available information on the relationship between exposure to immunosuppressive drugs and their efficacy and/or toxicity in kidney and liver transplantation. The aim of the review is to describe the pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic relationship that exists for immunosuppressive drugs, to summarize the studies that assess the value of TDM for these drugs in clinical practice, and to present the target and monitoring strategies aimed at optimizing patient immunosuppression, which could help to take a step forward in the field of solid organ transplant patient care.
UNASSIGNED: To improve the care of transplant patients, several TDM innovations can be pursued by investigators. Among these, the development of microsampling methods for TDM or the combination of pharmacodynamic biomarkers with ISD exposure measurements appear to be relevant strategies.
摘要：
■免疫抑制药物（ISD）呈现狭窄的治疗窗口和极高的个体间和个体内药代动力学变异性，这使得它们在实体器官移植受者中的使用变得复杂。为了找到适合每个患者的窄平衡,目的是维持临床疗效,降低药物不良反应的风险,需要复杂的临床和生物监测，特别是通过使用治疗药物监测(TDM)，是必需的。
■这篇综述概述了有关暴露于免疫抑制药物与其在肾脏和肝脏移植中的功效和/或毒性之间的关系的现有信息。这篇综述的目的是描述免疫抑制药物存在的药效学/药代动力学关系，总结评估TDM在临床实践中对这些药物的价值的研究，并提出旨在优化患者免疫抑制的目标和监测策略，这可能有助于在实体器官移植患者护理领域向前迈出一步。
■为了改善移植患者的护理，调查人员可以进行一些TDM创新。其中,TDM微量采样方法的开发或药效学生物标志物与ISD暴露测量相结合似乎是相关策略.
■这篇综述概述了有关暴露于免疫抑制药物与其在肾脏和肝脏移植中的功效和/或毒性之间的关系的现有信息。这篇综述的目的是描述免疫抑制药物存在的药效学/药代动力学关系，总结评估TDM在临床实践中对这些药物的价值的研究，并提出旨在优化患者免疫抑制的目标和监测策略，这可能有助于在实体器官移植患者护理领域向前迈出一步。
■为了改善移植患者的护理，调查人员可以进行一些TDM创新。其中,TDM微量采样方法的开发或药效学生物标志物与ISD暴露测量相结合似乎是相关策略.
