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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Limitations in physical functioning are common in patients with late-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) and can greatly affect their lives. Using patient interviews, this study reports experiences associated with physical functioning limitations for patients with late-stage CKD.
METHODS: A preliminary conceptual model on concepts relevant to physical functioning limitations in patients with CKD was developed using data from a targeted literature review (patients with CKD stages IV-V) and previous interviews (patients with CKD stages IIIa-IIIb). The preliminary conceptual model informed a semi-structured interview guide designed to capture experiences of physical functioning limitations in patients with CKD. Patients with CKD stages IV-V who were not receiving dialysis were interviewed; their responses were used to develop a comprehensive conceptual model summarizing their experiences associated with physical functioning limitations.
RESULTS: A total of 25 patients with CKD stage IV (n = 19) or V (n = 6) were interviewed. Based on patient responses, the reported concepts were grouped into one of six categories: physical functioning limitations/difficulties, behavioural impacts, activity participation restrictions, symptoms attributed to physical functioning limitations, impacts on sleep and emotional functioning impacts related to physical functioning limitations. Twenty-three patients reported concepts associated with physical functioning limitations, most frequently \'walking up and down stairs\' (83%) and \'walking distances\' (74%). All 23 patients also reported behavioural impacts, including \'need to rest/subsequent periods of rest\' (100%) and \'participation in fewer activities\' (91%). As well as summarizing the reported concepts, the comprehensive conceptual model shows how concepts may relate to one another; for example, challenging symptoms or difficulty completing tasks can lead to changes in patient behaviour such as purposely reducing or avoiding activities.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that patients with late-stage CKD not receiving dialysis who experience physical functioning limitations report a range of impacts on their daily lives. The comprehensive conceptual model summarizes the concepts reported and the relationships between them, providing a holistic understanding of how patients with late-stage CKD are affected by physical functioning limitations. Infographic available for this article. INFOGRAPHIC.
METHODS: A preliminary conceptual model on concepts relevant to physical functioning limitations in patients with CKD was developed using data from a targeted literature review (patients with CKD stages IV-V) and previous interviews (patients with CKD stages IIIa-IIIb). The preliminary conceptual model informed a semi-structured interview guide designed to capture experiences of physical functioning limitations in patients with CKD. Patients with CKD stages IV-V who were not receiving dialysis were interviewed; their responses were used to develop a comprehensive conceptual model summarizing their experiences associated with physical functioning limitations.
RESULTS: A total of 25 patients with CKD stage IV (n = 19) or V (n = 6) were interviewed. Based on patient responses, the reported concepts were grouped into one of six categories: physical functioning limitations/difficulties, behavioural impacts, activity participation restrictions, symptoms attributed to physical functioning limitations, impacts on sleep and emotional functioning impacts related to physical functioning limitations. Twenty-three patients reported concepts associated with physical functioning limitations, most frequently \'walking up and down stairs\' (83%) and \'walking distances\' (74%). All 23 patients also reported behavioural impacts, including \'need to rest/subsequent periods of rest\' (100%) and \'participation in fewer activities\' (91%). As well as summarizing the reported concepts, the comprehensive conceptual model shows how concepts may relate to one another; for example, challenging symptoms or difficulty completing tasks can lead to changes in patient behaviour such as purposely reducing or avoiding activities.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that patients with late-stage CKD not receiving dialysis who experience physical functioning limitations report a range of impacts on their daily lives. The comprehensive conceptual model summarizes the concepts reported and the relationships between them, providing a holistic understanding of how patients with late-stage CKD are affected by physical functioning limitations. Infographic available for this article. INFOGRAPHIC.
摘要：
背景：在晚期慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者中，身体功能的局限性很常见，并且会极大地影响他们的生活。使用患者访谈，本研究报告了晚期CKD患者与身体功能受限相关的经历.
方法：使用来自有针对性的文献综述（CKDIV-V期患者）和先前访谈（CKDIIIa-IIIb期患者）的数据，建立了CKD患者身体功能限制相关概念的初步概念模型。初步的概念模型为半结构化访谈指南提供了信息，旨在捕获CKD患者身体功能受限的经验。对未接受透析的CKDIV-V期患者进行了访谈；他们的回答用于开发一个综合的概念模型，总结他们与身体功能限制相关的经验。
结果：对25例CKDIV期（n=19）或V期（n=6）患者进行了访谈。根据病人的反应，报告的概念分为六类之一：身体功能限制/困难，行为影响，活动参与限制，归因于身体功能限制的症状，对睡眠和情绪功能的影响与身体功能限制有关。23名患者报告了与身体功能限制相关的概念，最常见的是“上下楼梯”(83%)和“步行距离”(74%)。所有23名患者还报告了行为影响，包括“需要休息/随后的休息期”(100%)和“参与较少的活动”(91%)。除了总结报告的概念外，综合概念模型显示了概念之间的关系；例如，具有挑战性的症状或难以完成任务可能导致患者行为的变化，例如故意减少或避免活动。
结论：这项研究发现，未接受透析的晚期CKD患者在身体功能受限的情况下，会对其日常生活产生一系列影响。综合概念模型总结了报告的概念及其之间的关系，全面了解晚期CKD患者如何受到身体功能限制的影响。可用于本文的信息图。不清楚.
方法：使用来自有针对性的文献综述（CKDIV-V期患者）和先前访谈（CKDIIIa-IIIb期患者）的数据，建立了CKD患者身体功能限制相关概念的初步概念模型。初步的概念模型为半结构化访谈指南提供了信息，旨在捕获CKD患者身体功能受限的经验。对未接受透析的CKDIV-V期患者进行了访谈；他们的回答用于开发一个综合的概念模型，总结他们与身体功能限制相关的经验。
结果：对25例CKDIV期（n=19）或V期（n=6）患者进行了访谈。根据病人的反应，报告的概念分为六类之一：身体功能限制/困难，行为影响，活动参与限制，归因于身体功能限制的症状，对睡眠和情绪功能的影响与身体功能限制有关。23名患者报告了与身体功能限制相关的概念，最常见的是“上下楼梯”(83%)和“步行距离”(74%)。所有23名患者还报告了行为影响，包括“需要休息/随后的休息期”(100%)和“参与较少的活动”(91%)。除了总结报告的概念外，综合概念模型显示了概念之间的关系；例如，具有挑战性的症状或难以完成任务可能导致患者行为的变化，例如故意减少或避免活动。
结论：这项研究发现，未接受透析的晚期CKD患者在身体功能受限的情况下，会对其日常生活产生一系列影响。综合概念模型总结了报告的概念及其之间的关系，全面了解晚期CKD患者如何受到身体功能限制的影响。可用于本文的信息图。不清楚.
