PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Objective We completed a prospective human cadaveric study to determine the ability of a ball bearing (BB) pellet to penetrate the orbit and/or surrounding structures. Methods A single trained sergeant officer discharged an alloy steel air rifle to eight cadaver orbits from four adult human cadaver heads. Five BB pellets each were aimed at three locations (caruncle, upper eyelid, or lower eyelid) at 10 cm and 1 m, and then less specifically, at the orbital region for 3- and 5-m distances. Computed tomography (CT) of the cadaver heads was performed. Final locations of BB pellets are divided into three categories: intracranial, surrounding orbital structures including the pterygopalatine fossa and infratemporal fossa, and orbit. Results Of 40 BB pellets, 37 penetrated soft tissue and were visualized on CT: 19 (51%) rested in the intracranial space, 17 (46%) in surrounding orbital structures, and 1 (3%) within the orbit. The deepest position of a pellet was in the parietal lobe, and most superficial location anterior to the frontal bone. Pellets discharged from 1 m were more likely to rest in the intracranial space compared with those from 10 cm ( p < 0.001), 3 m ( p = 0.011), and 5 m ( p = 0.004). The distance of discharge was associated with final pellet location ( p = 0.001). Conclusion BB guns should be considered dangerous and potentially deadly when aimed at the orbit. Although the thick calvarium can protect the intracranial space from BB penetration, the orbit may be a vulnerable entry point with relatively low resistance, allowing penetration of the intracranial and periorbital spaces.
摘要：
目的我们完成了一项前瞻性人体尸体研究，以确定滚珠轴承（BB）颗粒穿透轨道和/或周围结构的能力。方法一名受过训练的中士从四个成年人尸体头部向八个尸体轨道发射合金钢气步枪。每个五个BB颗粒瞄准三个位置(carbul，上眼睑,或下眼睑)在10厘米和1米，然后不太具体，在轨道区域3米和5米的距离。进行了尸体头部的计算机断层扫描（CT）。BB颗粒的最终位置分为三类：颅内，眼眶周围结构，包括翼腭窝和颞下窝，轨道。结果40个BB颗粒，37例穿透软组织并在CT上显示：19（51％）停留在颅内间隙，17（46%）在周围轨道结构中，和1（3％）在轨道内。小丸最深的位置在顶叶，和额骨前方最浅表的位置。与从10cm排出的颗粒相比，从1m排出的颗粒更可能在颅内间隙中停留（p<0.001），3米（p=0.011），和5米(p=0.004)。放电距离与最终颗粒位置相关（p=0.001）。结论BB枪瞄准轨道时应被认为是危险的，可能是致命的。虽然厚厚的颅骨可以保护颅内间隙免受BB穿透，轨道可能是一个脆弱的入口点，阻力相对较低，允许穿透颅内和眶周空间。
