Abstract：
Solar desalination, a green, low-cost, and sustainable technology, offers a promising way to get clean water from seawater without relying on electricity and complex infrastructures. However, the main challenge faced in solar desalination is salt accumulation, either on the surface of or inside the solar evaporator, which can impair solar-to-vapor efficiency and even lead to the failure of the evaporator itself. While many ideas have been tried to address this ″salt accumulation″, scientists have not had a clear system for understanding what works best for the enhancement of salt-rejecting ability. Therein, for the first time, we classified the state-of-the-art salt-rejecting designs into isolation strategy (isolating the solar evaporator from brine), dilution strategy (diluting the concentrated brine), and crystallization strategy (regulating the crystallization site into a tiny area). Through the specific equations presented, we have identified key parameters for each strategy and highlighted the corresponding improvements in the solar desalination performance. This Review provides a semiquantitative perspective on salt-rejecting designs and critical parameters for enhancing the salt-rejecting ability of dilution-based, isolation-based, and crystallization-based solar evaporators. Ultimately, this knowledge can help us create reliable solar desalination solutions to provide clean water from even the saltiest sources.
摘要：
太阳能海水淡化,一个绿色的,低成本,和可持续技术，提供了一种在不依赖电力和复杂基础设施的情况下从海水中获取清洁水的有希望的方法。然而,太阳能海水淡化面临的主要挑战是盐分积累，在太阳能蒸发器的表面或内部，这会损害太阳能到蒸汽的效率，甚至导致蒸发器本身的故障。虽然已经尝试了许多想法来解决这种“盐积累”，科学家们还没有一个清晰的系统来理解什么最适合增强盐排斥能力。其中,第一次,我们将最先进的盐排斥设计分类为隔离策略（将太阳能蒸发器与盐水隔离），稀释策略（稀释浓盐水），和结晶策略（将结晶位点调节到一个微小的区域）。通过给出的具体方程，我们已经确定了每个策略的关键参数，并强调了太阳能海水淡化性能的相应改进。这篇综述提供了半定量观点的盐排斥设计和关键参数，以增强基于稀释的盐排斥能力，基于隔离的，和基于结晶的太阳能蒸发器。最终,这些知识可以帮助我们创建可靠的太阳能海水淡化解决方案，甚至从最咸的来源提供清洁的水。
