Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: To describe the incidence, aetiology, treatment, and outcomes of farmer-reported clinical mastitis on New Zealand dairy sheep farms.
UNASSIGNED: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 20 spring-lambing New Zealand sheep milking farms over the 2022-2023 season. Clinical mastitis was defined as a change in the appearance of milk and/or signs of inflammation in the gland. Farmers were required to report all cases of clinical mastitis and collect information on affected ewes\' demographics, clinical features, treatments (where applicable), and outcomes. Milk samples from mastitic glands were submitted for microbiological culture and identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF).
UNASSIGNED: Partial or complete clinical mastitis data were available for 236 cases from 221 ewes on 18/20 study farms. Clinical mastitis was diagnosed in 0-6% of ewes at the farm level, with an overall incidence of 1.8 (95% CI = 1.0-3.2)% using the study data, or 2.3 (95% CI = 1.6-3.3)% using the study data and farmer estimates that included unreported cases. Cases occurred mostly in early lactation, with 59% detected during the lambing period (August-October), at a median of 7 (IQR 3, 40) days in milk. The majority of cases featured clots in the milk (59%), swelling (55%), and unevenness (71%) of the glands. Pyrexia (rectal temperature ≥ 40.0°C) was diagnosed in 25% of cases and depression (lethargy, inappetence, or inability to stand) in 26% of cases. Treatment was given to 46% of cases, with tylosin being the most commonly used treatment (50% of treated cases). The most common outcome was immediate drying off to be culled without treatment (32%), followed by still milking and recovered but with lasting problems (25%). Nearly half of all the milk samples submitted were culture negative. Streptococcus uberis (14%), non-aureus staphylococci (12%), and Staphylococcus aureus (11%) were the most common isolates, found on 12, 8 and 8 of the 16 farms with microbiological data, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: Clinical mastitis affected up to 6% of ewes at the farm level. Systemic signs were observed in one quarter of affected ewes, suggesting a role for supportive treatment. Clinical mastitis can be severe and challenging to fully resolve in New Zealand dairy sheep.
UNASSIGNED: This is the first systematic study of clinical mastitis in New Zealand dairy ewes. It provides baseline information specific to New Zealand conditions for farmers, veterinarians, and other advisors to guide the management of mastitis for the relatively new dairy sheep industry in New Zealand.
UNASSIGNED: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 20 spring-lambing New Zealand sheep milking farms over the 2022-2023 season. Clinical mastitis was defined as a change in the appearance of milk and/or signs of inflammation in the gland. Farmers were required to report all cases of clinical mastitis and collect information on affected ewes\' demographics, clinical features, treatments (where applicable), and outcomes. Milk samples from mastitic glands were submitted for microbiological culture and identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF).
UNASSIGNED: Partial or complete clinical mastitis data were available for 236 cases from 221 ewes on 18/20 study farms. Clinical mastitis was diagnosed in 0-6% of ewes at the farm level, with an overall incidence of 1.8 (95% CI = 1.0-3.2)% using the study data, or 2.3 (95% CI = 1.6-3.3)% using the study data and farmer estimates that included unreported cases. Cases occurred mostly in early lactation, with 59% detected during the lambing period (August-October), at a median of 7 (IQR 3, 40) days in milk. The majority of cases featured clots in the milk (59%), swelling (55%), and unevenness (71%) of the glands. Pyrexia (rectal temperature ≥ 40.0°C) was diagnosed in 25% of cases and depression (lethargy, inappetence, or inability to stand) in 26% of cases. Treatment was given to 46% of cases, with tylosin being the most commonly used treatment (50% of treated cases). The most common outcome was immediate drying off to be culled without treatment (32%), followed by still milking and recovered but with lasting problems (25%). Nearly half of all the milk samples submitted were culture negative. Streptococcus uberis (14%), non-aureus staphylococci (12%), and Staphylococcus aureus (11%) were the most common isolates, found on 12, 8 and 8 of the 16 farms with microbiological data, respectively.
UNASSIGNED: Clinical mastitis affected up to 6% of ewes at the farm level. Systemic signs were observed in one quarter of affected ewes, suggesting a role for supportive treatment. Clinical mastitis can be severe and challenging to fully resolve in New Zealand dairy sheep.
UNASSIGNED: This is the first systematic study of clinical mastitis in New Zealand dairy ewes. It provides baseline information specific to New Zealand conditions for farmers, veterinarians, and other advisors to guide the management of mastitis for the relatively new dairy sheep industry in New Zealand.
摘要：
■为了描述发病率，病因学，治疗,以及新西兰奶牛养殖场农民报告的临床乳腺炎的结果。
■在2022-2023年期间，对20个春季羔羊新西兰绵羊挤奶场进行了一项前瞻性队列研究。临床乳腺炎定义为乳汁外观和/或腺体炎症迹象的变化。要求农民报告所有临床乳腺炎病例，并收集受影响母羊的人口统计信息，临床特征,治疗（如适用），和结果。将来自乳腺体的牛奶样品进行微生物培养，并通过基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF）进行鉴定。
■可获得来自18/20研究农场221只母羊的236例乳腺炎的部分或全部临床数据。在农场一级，0-6%的母羊被诊断出临床乳腺炎，使用研究数据，总发病率为1.8(95%CI=1.0-3.2)%，或2.3（95％CI=1.6-3.3）％，使用研究数据和农民估计，包括未报告的病例。病例多发生在泌乳早期,在产仔期（8月至10月）检测到59%，在牛奶中的中位数为7天（IQR3，40天）。大多数病例以牛奶中的凝块为特征（59％），肿胀（55%），和腺体的不均匀性（71％）。在25％的病例中诊断出发热（直肠温度≥40.0°C）和抑郁症（嗜睡，食欲不振,或无法站立)在26%的情况下。46%的病例接受了治疗，泰乐菌素是最常用的治疗方法（50％的治疗病例）。最常见的结果是立即干燥，无需治疗即可剔除（32％），其次是仍在挤奶和恢复，但有持续的问题（25％）。提交的所有牛奶样品中有近一半是培养阴性的。赤霉病链球菌（14%），非金黄色葡萄球菌（12%），金黄色葡萄球菌（11%）是最常见的分离株，在16个有微生物数据的农场中的12个、8个和8个发现，分别。
■临床乳腺炎在农场一级影响了多达6％的母羊。在四分之一受影响的母羊中观察到系统性迹象，提示支持治疗的作用。在新西兰乳羊中，临床乳腺炎可能是严重且具有挑战性的。
■这是新西兰奶牛临床乳腺炎的首次系统研究。它为农民提供了特定于新西兰条件的基线信息，兽医,和其他顾问指导新西兰相对较新的奶羊产业的乳腺炎管理。
■在2022-2023年期间，对20个春季羔羊新西兰绵羊挤奶场进行了一项前瞻性队列研究。临床乳腺炎定义为乳汁外观和/或腺体炎症迹象的变化。要求农民报告所有临床乳腺炎病例，并收集受影响母羊的人口统计信息，临床特征,治疗（如适用），和结果。将来自乳腺体的牛奶样品进行微生物培养，并通过基质辅助激光解吸/电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF）进行鉴定。
■可获得来自18/20研究农场221只母羊的236例乳腺炎的部分或全部临床数据。在农场一级，0-6%的母羊被诊断出临床乳腺炎，使用研究数据，总发病率为1.8(95%CI=1.0-3.2)%，或2.3（95％CI=1.6-3.3）％，使用研究数据和农民估计，包括未报告的病例。病例多发生在泌乳早期,在产仔期（8月至10月）检测到59%，在牛奶中的中位数为7天（IQR3，40天）。大多数病例以牛奶中的凝块为特征（59％），肿胀（55%），和腺体的不均匀性（71％）。在25％的病例中诊断出发热（直肠温度≥40.0°C）和抑郁症（嗜睡，食欲不振,或无法站立)在26%的情况下。46%的病例接受了治疗，泰乐菌素是最常用的治疗方法（50％的治疗病例）。最常见的结果是立即干燥，无需治疗即可剔除（32％），其次是仍在挤奶和恢复，但有持续的问题（25％）。提交的所有牛奶样品中有近一半是培养阴性的。赤霉病链球菌（14%），非金黄色葡萄球菌（12%），金黄色葡萄球菌（11%）是最常见的分离株，在16个有微生物数据的农场中的12个、8个和8个发现，分别。
■临床乳腺炎在农场一级影响了多达6％的母羊。在四分之一受影响的母羊中观察到系统性迹象，提示支持治疗的作用。在新西兰乳羊中，临床乳腺炎可能是严重且具有挑战性的。
■这是新西兰奶牛临床乳腺炎的首次系统研究。它为农民提供了特定于新西兰条件的基线信息，兽医,和其他顾问指导新西兰相对较新的奶羊产业的乳腺炎管理。
