Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Exposure to repetitive pain during the neonatal period has been shown to have important short and long-term effects on the neurodevelopment of the premature neonate and can contribute to experienced prolonged pain. A uniform taxonomy of neonatal prolonged pain is still lacking to this day which contributes to suboptimal prolonged pain management in neonatal intensive care units. Accordingly, a scoping review exploring the state of knowledge about prolonged pain in preterm neonates hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit will contribute to the developing field of neonatal prolonged pain and provide recommendations for clinical prolonged pain management.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the scope, extent, and nature of the available literature on prolonged pain in premature neonates hospitalised in neonatal intensive care units.
METHODS: Scoping review.
METHODS: An electronic search was conducted from inception to November 2023 in the databases of CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, GeryLit.org and Grey Source Index. Included studies discussed concepts related to neonatal prolonged pain such as definitions of prolonged pain, indicators of prolonged pain, contexts that result in prolonged pain, prolonged pain evaluation tools, consequences of prolonged pain and interventions for prolonged pain management.
RESULTS: Key concepts of neonatal prolonged pain were identified in the 86 included articles of this scoping review such as definitions (n = 26), indicators (n = 39), contexts (n = 49), scales (n = 56), consequences of prolonged pain (n = 30) and possible interventions for prolonged pain management (n = 22). Whilst a consensus on a definition has yet to be achieved, no proximate event was shown to cause prolonged pain and a time criterion was identified by authors as being relevant in defining prolonged pain. Interestingly, the context of hospitalisation was identified as being the most indicative of prolonged pain in premature neonates and should guide its evaluation and management, whilst only limited pain management interventions and consequences were discussed.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this scoping review contribute to the foundation of growing knowledge in neonatal prolonged pain and shed light on the ambiguity that currently exists on this topic in the scientific literature. This review summarises knowledge of key concepts necessary for a better understanding of prolonged pain and stresses the importance of considering contexts of hospitalisation for prolonged pain evaluation and management in neonatal intensive care units, with the objective of improving developmental outcomes of premature neonates.
CONCLUSIONS: A scoping review reveals that the contexts of prolonged pain in premature neonates hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit are essential in guiding its evaluation and management.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the scope, extent, and nature of the available literature on prolonged pain in premature neonates hospitalised in neonatal intensive care units.
METHODS: Scoping review.
METHODS: An electronic search was conducted from inception to November 2023 in the databases of CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, GeryLit.org and Grey Source Index. Included studies discussed concepts related to neonatal prolonged pain such as definitions of prolonged pain, indicators of prolonged pain, contexts that result in prolonged pain, prolonged pain evaluation tools, consequences of prolonged pain and interventions for prolonged pain management.
RESULTS: Key concepts of neonatal prolonged pain were identified in the 86 included articles of this scoping review such as definitions (n = 26), indicators (n = 39), contexts (n = 49), scales (n = 56), consequences of prolonged pain (n = 30) and possible interventions for prolonged pain management (n = 22). Whilst a consensus on a definition has yet to be achieved, no proximate event was shown to cause prolonged pain and a time criterion was identified by authors as being relevant in defining prolonged pain. Interestingly, the context of hospitalisation was identified as being the most indicative of prolonged pain in premature neonates and should guide its evaluation and management, whilst only limited pain management interventions and consequences were discussed.
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this scoping review contribute to the foundation of growing knowledge in neonatal prolonged pain and shed light on the ambiguity that currently exists on this topic in the scientific literature. This review summarises knowledge of key concepts necessary for a better understanding of prolonged pain and stresses the importance of considering contexts of hospitalisation for prolonged pain evaluation and management in neonatal intensive care units, with the objective of improving developmental outcomes of premature neonates.
CONCLUSIONS: A scoping review reveals that the contexts of prolonged pain in premature neonates hospitalised in the neonatal intensive care unit are essential in guiding its evaluation and management.
摘要：
背景：在新生儿期暴露于重复性疼痛已被证明对早产儿的神经发育具有重要的短期和长期影响，并可能导致经历的长期疼痛。迄今为止，仍然缺乏对新生儿长期疼痛的统一分类，这导致新生儿重症监护病房的长期疼痛管理欠佳。因此，探讨在新生儿重症监护病房住院的早产儿长期疼痛的知识状况的范围审查将有助于新生儿长期疼痛的发展领域，并为临床长期疼痛管理提供建议。
目的：为了确定范围，范围,以及关于在新生儿重症监护病房住院的早产儿长期疼痛的现有文献的性质。
方法：范围审查。
方法：从开始到2023年11月，在CINAHL的数据库中进行了电子搜索，PubMed,Medline,WebofScience,GeryLit.org和灰色来源索引。纳入的研究讨论了与新生儿长期疼痛相关的概念，如长期疼痛的定义，长期疼痛的指标，导致长期疼痛的环境，长期疼痛评估工具，长期疼痛的后果和长期疼痛管理的干预措施。
结果：在本范围审查的86篇文章中确定了新生儿长期疼痛的关键概念，例如定义（n=26），指标(n=39)，上下文(n=49)，尺度（n=56），长期疼痛的后果（n=30）和长期疼痛管理的可能干预措施（n=22）。虽然尚未就定义达成共识，没有发现引起长期疼痛的近期事件,作者认为时间标准与定义长期疼痛相关.有趣的是,住院的背景被认为是早产儿长期疼痛的最重要指标，应指导其评估和管理，仅讨论了有限的疼痛管理干预措施和后果。
结论：本范围综述的发现有助于为新生儿长期疼痛知识的增长奠定基础，并阐明了目前在科学文献中关于这一主题的歧义。这篇综述总结了对更好地理解长期疼痛所必需的关键概念的知识，并强调了考虑住院环境对新生儿重症监护病房长期疼痛评估和管理的重要性。目的是改善早产儿的发育结果。
结论：一项范围审查显示，在新生儿重症监护病房住院的早产儿长期疼痛的背景对于指导其评估和管理至关重要。
目的：为了确定范围，范围,以及关于在新生儿重症监护病房住院的早产儿长期疼痛的现有文献的性质。
方法：范围审查。
方法：从开始到2023年11月，在CINAHL的数据库中进行了电子搜索，PubMed,Medline,WebofScience,GeryLit.org和灰色来源索引。纳入的研究讨论了与新生儿长期疼痛相关的概念，如长期疼痛的定义，长期疼痛的指标，导致长期疼痛的环境，长期疼痛评估工具，长期疼痛的后果和长期疼痛管理的干预措施。
结果：在本范围审查的86篇文章中确定了新生儿长期疼痛的关键概念，例如定义（n=26），指标(n=39)，上下文(n=49)，尺度（n=56），长期疼痛的后果（n=30）和长期疼痛管理的可能干预措施（n=22）。虽然尚未就定义达成共识，没有发现引起长期疼痛的近期事件,作者认为时间标准与定义长期疼痛相关.有趣的是,住院的背景被认为是早产儿长期疼痛的最重要指标，应指导其评估和管理，仅讨论了有限的疼痛管理干预措施和后果。
结论：本范围综述的发现有助于为新生儿长期疼痛知识的增长奠定基础，并阐明了目前在科学文献中关于这一主题的歧义。这篇综述总结了对更好地理解长期疼痛所必需的关键概念的知识，并强调了考虑住院环境对新生儿重症监护病房长期疼痛评估和管理的重要性。目的是改善早产儿的发育结果。
结论：一项范围审查显示，在新生儿重症监护病房住院的早产儿长期疼痛的背景对于指导其评估和管理至关重要。
