PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Links between the gut microbiota and human health have been supported throughout numerous studies, such as the development of neurological disease disorders. This link is referred to as the \"microbiota-gut-brain axis\" and is the focus of an emerging field of research. Microbial-derived metabolites and gut and neuro-immunological metabolites regulate this axis in health and many diseases. Indeed, assessing these signals, whether induced by microbial metabolites or neuro-immune mediators, could significantly increase our knowledge of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, this will require the development of appropriate techniques and potential models. Methods for studying the induced signals originating from the microbiota remain crucial in this field. This review discusses the methods and techniques available for studies of microbiota-gut-brain interactions. We highlight several much-debated elements of these methodologies, including the widely used in vivo and in vitro models, their implications, and perspectives in the field based on a systematic review of PubMed. Applications of various animal models (zebrafish, mouse, canine, rat, rabbit) to microbiota-gut-brain axis research with practical examples of in vitro methods and innovative approaches to studying gut-brain communications are highlighted. In particular, we extensively discuss the potential of \"organ-on-a-chip\" devices and their applications in this field. Overall, this review sheds light on the most widely used models and methods, guiding researchers in the rational choice of strategies for studies of microbiota-gut-brain interactions.
摘要：
肠道微生物群与人类健康之间的联系在许多研究中得到了支持。如神经系统疾病的发展障碍。这种联系被称为“微生物群-肠道-大脑轴”，是新兴研究领域的焦点。微生物衍生的代谢物以及肠道和神经免疫代谢物在健康和许多疾病中调节该轴。的确,评估这些信号，无论是由微生物代谢物还是神经免疫介质诱导，可以显著增加我们对微生物群-肠-脑轴的了解。然而,这将需要开发适当的技术和潜在的模型。研究源自微生物群的诱导信号的方法在该领域仍然至关重要。这篇综述讨论了可用于研究微生物群-肠道-大脑相互作用的方法和技术。我们强调了这些方法中几个备受争议的元素，包括广泛使用的体内和体外模型，它们的含义，基于对PubMed的系统回顾，以及该领域的观点。各种动物模型的应用（斑马鱼，鼠标,犬,rat,兔）对微生物群-肠-脑轴的研究以及体外方法的实际例子和研究肠-脑通信的创新方法得到了强调。特别是,我们广泛讨论了“芯片上器官”设备的潜力及其在该领域的应用。总的来说,这篇综述揭示了最广泛使用的模型和方法，指导研究人员合理选择微生物群-肠道-大脑相互作用研究策略。
