PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Point-of-sale food messaging can encourage healthier purchases, but no studies have directly compared multiple interventions in the field.
UNASSIGNED: To examine which of 4 food and beverage messages would increase healthier vending machine purchases.
UNASSIGNED: This randomized trial assessed 13 months (February 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020) of vending sales data from 267 machines and 1065 customer purchase assessments from vending machines on government property in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Data analysis was performed from March 5, 2020, to November 8, 2022.
UNASSIGNED: Study interventions were 4 food and beverage messaging systems: (1) beverage tax posters encouraging healthy choices because of the Philadelphia tax on sweetened drinks; (2) green labels for healthy products; (3) traffic light labels: green (healthy), yellow (moderately healthy), or red (unhealthy); or (4) physical activity equivalent labels (minutes of activity to metabolize product calories).
UNASSIGNED: Sales data were analyzed separately for beverages and snacks. The main outcomes analyzed at the transaction level were calories sold and the health status (using traffic light criteria) of each item sold. Additional outcomes were analyzed at the monthly machine level: total units sold, calories sold, and units of each health status sold. The customer purchase assessment outcome was calories purchased per vending trip.
UNASSIGNED: Monthly sales data came from 150 beverage and 117 snack vending machines, whereas 1065 customers (558 [52%] male) contributed purchase assessment data. Traffic light labels led to a 30% decrease in the mean monthly number of unhealthy beverages sold (mean ratio [MR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88) compared with beverage tax posters. Physical activity labels led to a 34% (MR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.87) reduction in the number of unhealthy beverages sold at the machine level and 35% (MR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.86) reduction in mean calories sold. Traffic light labels also led to a 30-calorie reduction (b = -30.46; 95% CI, -49.36 to -11.56) per customer trip in the customer purchase analyses compared to physical activity labels. There were very few significant differences for snack machines.
UNASSIGNED: In this 13-month randomized trial of 267 vending machines, the traffic light and physical activity labels encouraged healthier beverage purchases, but no change in snack sales, compared with a beverage tax poster. Corporations and governments should consider such labeling approaches to promote healthier beverage choices.
UNASSIGNED: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06260176.
UNASSIGNED: To examine which of 4 food and beverage messages would increase healthier vending machine purchases.
UNASSIGNED: This randomized trial assessed 13 months (February 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020) of vending sales data from 267 machines and 1065 customer purchase assessments from vending machines on government property in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Data analysis was performed from March 5, 2020, to November 8, 2022.
UNASSIGNED: Study interventions were 4 food and beverage messaging systems: (1) beverage tax posters encouraging healthy choices because of the Philadelphia tax on sweetened drinks; (2) green labels for healthy products; (3) traffic light labels: green (healthy), yellow (moderately healthy), or red (unhealthy); or (4) physical activity equivalent labels (minutes of activity to metabolize product calories).
UNASSIGNED: Sales data were analyzed separately for beverages and snacks. The main outcomes analyzed at the transaction level were calories sold and the health status (using traffic light criteria) of each item sold. Additional outcomes were analyzed at the monthly machine level: total units sold, calories sold, and units of each health status sold. The customer purchase assessment outcome was calories purchased per vending trip.
UNASSIGNED: Monthly sales data came from 150 beverage and 117 snack vending machines, whereas 1065 customers (558 [52%] male) contributed purchase assessment data. Traffic light labels led to a 30% decrease in the mean monthly number of unhealthy beverages sold (mean ratio [MR], 0.70; 95% CI, 0.55-0.88) compared with beverage tax posters. Physical activity labels led to a 34% (MR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.51-0.87) reduction in the number of unhealthy beverages sold at the machine level and 35% (MR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.50-0.86) reduction in mean calories sold. Traffic light labels also led to a 30-calorie reduction (b = -30.46; 95% CI, -49.36 to -11.56) per customer trip in the customer purchase analyses compared to physical activity labels. There were very few significant differences for snack machines.
UNASSIGNED: In this 13-month randomized trial of 267 vending machines, the traffic light and physical activity labels encouraged healthier beverage purchases, but no change in snack sales, compared with a beverage tax poster. Corporations and governments should consider such labeling approaches to promote healthier beverage choices.
UNASSIGNED: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06260176.
摘要：
■销售点食品信息可以鼓励更健康的购买，但是没有研究直接比较该领域的多种干预措施。
■研究4种食品和饮料信息中的哪一种会增加更健康的自动售货机购买。
■这项随机试验评估了来自267台机器的13个月（2019年2月1日至2020年2月29日）的自动售货机销售数据和来自费城政府财产的自动售货机的1065个客户购买评估，宾夕法尼亚。数据分析于2020年3月5日至2022年11月8日进行。
■研究干预措施是4种食品和饮料消息传递系统：（1）饮料税海报鼓励健康选择，因为费城对甜味饮料征税；（2）健康产品的绿色标签；（3）交通信号灯标签：绿色（健康），黄色（中等健康），或红色（不健康）；或（4）体力活动等效标签（代谢产品卡路里的活动分钟数）。
■分别分析了饮料和小吃的销售数据。在交易级别分析的主要结果是出售的卡路里和出售的每个物品的健康状况（使用红绿灯标准）。在每月机器级别分析了其他结果：总销售单位，卡路里出售，以及出售的每种健康状况的单位。客户购买评估结果是每次自动售货旅行购买的卡路里。
■月度销售数据来自150台饮料和117台零食自动售货机，而1065个客户（558[52%]男性）提供了购买评估数据。红绿灯标签导致每月销售的不健康饮料的平均数量减少了30%(平均比率[MR]，0.70；95%CI，0.55-0.88）与饮料税海报相比。身体活动标签导致34%(MR，0.66；95%CI，0.51-0.87）在机器级别销售的不健康饮料数量减少和35%（MR，0.65；95%CI，0.50-0.86）平均销售卡路里减少。与身体活动标签相比，在客户购买分析中，交通信号灯标签还导致每次客户旅行减少30卡路里（b=-30.46;95％CI，-49.36至-11.56）。小吃机几乎没有显着差异。
■在这项对267台自动售货机进行的为期13个月的随机试验中，交通信号灯和体育活动标签鼓励更健康的饮料购买，但是零食销售没有变化，与饮料税海报相比。企业和政府应考虑这种标签方法，以促进更健康的饮料选择。
■ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT06260176。
■研究4种食品和饮料信息中的哪一种会增加更健康的自动售货机购买。
■这项随机试验评估了来自267台机器的13个月（2019年2月1日至2020年2月29日）的自动售货机销售数据和来自费城政府财产的自动售货机的1065个客户购买评估，宾夕法尼亚。数据分析于2020年3月5日至2022年11月8日进行。
■研究干预措施是4种食品和饮料消息传递系统：（1）饮料税海报鼓励健康选择，因为费城对甜味饮料征税；（2）健康产品的绿色标签；（3）交通信号灯标签：绿色（健康），黄色（中等健康），或红色（不健康）；或（4）体力活动等效标签（代谢产品卡路里的活动分钟数）。
■分别分析了饮料和小吃的销售数据。在交易级别分析的主要结果是出售的卡路里和出售的每个物品的健康状况（使用红绿灯标准）。在每月机器级别分析了其他结果：总销售单位，卡路里出售，以及出售的每种健康状况的单位。客户购买评估结果是每次自动售货旅行购买的卡路里。
■月度销售数据来自150台饮料和117台零食自动售货机，而1065个客户（558[52%]男性）提供了购买评估数据。红绿灯标签导致每月销售的不健康饮料的平均数量减少了30%(平均比率[MR]，0.70；95%CI，0.55-0.88）与饮料税海报相比。身体活动标签导致34%(MR，0.66；95%CI，0.51-0.87）在机器级别销售的不健康饮料数量减少和35%（MR，0.65；95%CI，0.50-0.86）平均销售卡路里减少。与身体活动标签相比，在客户购买分析中，交通信号灯标签还导致每次客户旅行减少30卡路里（b=-30.46;95％CI，-49.36至-11.56）。小吃机几乎没有显着差异。
■在这项对267台自动售货机进行的为期13个月的随机试验中，交通信号灯和体育活动标签鼓励更健康的饮料购买，但是零食销售没有变化，与饮料税海报相比。企业和政府应考虑这种标签方法，以促进更健康的饮料选择。
■ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT06260176。
