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Abstract：
Environmental stewardship is a term describing both the philosophy and the actions required to protect, restore, and sustainably use natural resources for the future benefit of the environment and society. In this paper, we review the environmental science literature to map the types of practical actions that are identified as \'environmental stewardship\' using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines for scoping reviews. We specifically mapped: 1) the type of actions and outcomes targeting the natural environment that have been categorized as environmental stewardship, 2) the main actors, and the underlying factors influencing their environmental stewardship actions, and 3) the methods used to mobilize environmental stewardship actions once these factors are known. From the 77 selected articles, we found the term environmental stewardship encompassed a multitude of different actions, undertaken by a range of actors and addressing an array of issues that impact biodiversity on the land and in the water. These stewardship actions were conducted on both privately-owned and publicly managed lands and waterways, and across rural and urban landscapes. Despite many studies identifying characteristics and underlying behavioral factors that predicted actors\' participation in stewardship actions, there were few studies formally evaluating interventions to increase stewardship. Our review highlighted the term environmental stewardship is not embraced by all and is viewed by some as being inconsistent with aspects of indigenous worldviews. A better understanding of the concept of environmental stewardship and continued practical research into its practice is fundamental to empowering people to demand and enact environmental stewardship as well as for evaluating the success of their actions.
摘要：
环境管理是一个术语，描述了保护所需的哲学和行动，恢复,并可持续地利用自然资源，以促进环境和社会的未来利益。在本文中,我们回顾了环境科学文献，使用系统审查的首选报告项目和范围审查的荟萃分析指南，绘制被确定为“环境管理”的实际行动类型。我们特别绘制了：1）针对自然环境的行为和结果的类型，这些行为和结果被归类为环境管理，（2）主要演员，以及影响他们环境管理行动的潜在因素，和3）一旦知道这些因素，用于动员环境管理行动的方法。从77篇精选文章中，我们发现环境管理一词包含了许多不同的行为，由一系列行为者承担，并解决影响土地和水中生物多样性的一系列问题。这些管理行动是在私人拥有和公共管理的土地和水道上进行的，跨越乡村和城市景观。尽管许多研究确定了预测参与者参与管理行动的特征和潜在行为因素，很少有研究正式评估干预措施以增加管理。我们的审查强调，并非所有人都接受“环境管理”一词，有些人认为这与土著世界观的各个方面不一致。更好地理解环境管理的概念并对其实践进行持续的实践研究对于使人们能够要求和制定环境管理以及评估其行动的成功至关重要。
