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Abstract：
Bean beetle (Callosobruchus maculatus) exhibits clear phenotypic plasticity depending on population density; However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unknown. Compared to low-density individuals, high-density individuals showed a faster terminal oocyte maturity rate. Four insulin-like peptide (ILP) genes were identified in the bean beetle, which had higher expression levels in the head than in the thorax and abdomen. The population density could regulate the expression levels of CmILP1-3, CmILP2-3, and CmILP1 as well as CmILP3 in the head, thorax, and abdomen, respectively. RNA interference results showed that each CmILP could regulate terminal oocyte maturity rate, indicating that there was functional redundancy among CmILPs. Silencing each CmILP could lead to down-regulation of some other CmILPs, however, CmILP3 was up-regulated in the abdomen after silencing CmILP1 or CmILP2. Compared to single gene silencing, silencing CmILP3 with CmILP1 or CmILP2 at the same time led to more serious retardation in oocyte development, suggesting CmILP3 could be up-regulated to functionally compensate for the down-regulation of CmILP1 and CmILP2. In conclusion, population density-dependent plasticity in terminal oocyte maturity rate of bean beetle was regulated by CmILPs, which exhibited gene redundancy and gene compensation.
摘要：
根据种群密度，豆甲虫（Callosobruchusmaculatus）表现出明显的表型可塑性；但是，潜在的分子机制仍然未知。与低密度个体相比，高密度个体显示出更快的终末卵母细胞成熟率。在豆甲虫中鉴定出四个胰岛素样肽（ILP）基因，头部的表达水平高于胸部和腹部。种群密度可以调节头部中CmILP1-3，CmILP2-3和CmILP1以及CmILP3的表达水平，胸部,和腹部，分别。RNA干扰结果表明，每个CmILP都能调节终末卵母细胞的成熟率，表明CmILP之间存在功能冗余。沉默每个CmILP可能导致一些其他CmILP的下调，然而,CmILP3在沉默CmILP1或CmILP2后在腹部上调。与单基因沉默相比，同时用CmILP1或CmILP2沉默CmILP3导致更严重的卵母细胞发育迟缓，提示CmILP3可以上调以功能性补偿CmILP1和CmILP2的下调。总之,CmILP调节豆甲虫末端卵母细胞成熟度的种群密度依赖性可塑性，表现出基因冗余和基因补偿。
