PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The bitter taste of medicines hinders patient compliance, but not everyone experiences these difficulties because people worldwide differ in their bitterness perception. To better understand how people from diverse ancestries perceive medicines and taste modifiers, 338 adults, European and recent US and Canada immigrants from Asia, South Asia, and Africa, rated the bitterness intensity of taste solutions on a 100-point generalized visual analog scale and provided a saliva sample for genotyping. The taste solutions were five medicines, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), moxifloxacin, praziquantel, amodiaquine, and propylthiouracil (PROP), and four other solutions, TAF mixed with sucralose (sweet, reduces bitterness) or 6-methylflavone (tasteless, reduces bitterness), sucralose alone, and sodium chloride alone. Bitterness ratings differed by ancestry for two of the five drugs (amodiaquine and PROP) and for TAF mixed with sucralose. Genetic analysis showed that people with variants in one bitter receptor variant gene (TAS2R38) reported PROP was more bitter than did those with a different variant (p= 7.6e-19) and that people with either an RIMS2 or a THSD4 genotype found sucralose more bitter than did others (p=2.6e-8, p=7.9e-11, resp.). Our findings may help guide the formulation of bad-tasting medicines to meet the needs of those most sensitive to them.
摘要：
药物的苦味阻碍了患者的依从性，但并不是每个人都经历这些困难，因为世界各地的人们在痛苦的感知上有所不同。为了更好地了解来自不同祖先的人们如何看待药物和味道改良剂，338名成人欧洲以及最近来自亚洲的美国和加拿大移民，南亚,非洲,在100点广义视觉模拟量表上对味觉溶液的苦味强度进行了评估，并提供了唾液样本进行基因分型。味道溶液是五种药物，替诺福韦艾拉酚胺（TAF），莫西沙星,吡喹酮,阿莫地喹,和丙基硫氧嘧啶（PROP），和其他四个解决方案，TAF与三氯蔗糖混合（甜，减少苦味）或6-甲基黄酮（无味，减少苦味)，仅三氯半乳蔗糖，只有氯化钠。五种药物中的两种（阿莫地喹和PROP）以及与三氯蔗糖混合的TAF的苦味等级因血统而异。遗传分析表明，具有一种苦味受体变异基因（TAS2R38）的人报告的PROP比具有不同变异基因的人更苦（p=7.6e-19），并且具有RIMS2或THSD4基因型的人发现三氯蔗糖比其他人更苦（p=2.6e-8，p=7.9e-11，分别。).我们的发现可能有助于指导不良品尝药物的配方，以满足对它们最敏感的人的需求。
