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Abstract：
Giardia duodenalis is one of the most common causes of waterborne disease worldwide, and is often associated with outbreaks of diarrhea in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and genetic diversity of G. duodenalis assemblages in individuals attending major public hospitals in Shiraz, southwestern Iran. From August 2022 to May 2023, a total of 614 stool samples from individuals were collected and initially examined for G. duodenalis cysts using parasitological techniques, sucrose flotation, and microscopy. Microscopy-positive samples were validated by SSU-PCR amplification of the parasite DNA. A multilocus genotyping (MLG) scheme, which focused on the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) and the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) genes, was employed for genotyping purposes. G. duodenalis cysts were found in 7.5% (46/614) and 8.5% (52/614) of samples through microscopy and SSU-PCR, respectively. Successful amplification and sequencing results were obtained for 77.3% (17/22) and 45.5% (10/22) of the infected samples at the tpi and gdh loci, respectively. MLG data for the two loci were available for only five samples. Out of the 22 samples genotyped at any loci, 54.5% (12/22) were identified as assemblage A, while 45.5% (10/22) were identified as assemblage B. AII was the most predominant sub-assemblage identified [54.5% (12/22)], followed by BIII [27% (6/22)], discordant BIII/BIV [13.6% (3/22)], and BIV [4.5% (1/22)]. In the present study, no assemblages suited for non-human animal hosts (e.g., C-F) were detected. This suggests that the transmission of human giardiasis in Shiraz is primarily anthroponotic. Further molecular-based analyses are necessary to confirm and expand upon these findings. These analyses will also help determine the presence and public health importance of the parasite in environmental samples, such as drinking water.
摘要：
十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫是世界范围内引起水传播疾病的最常见原因之一。并且通常与环境卫生和卫生条件差的地区的腹泻暴发有关。这项研究旨在评估在设拉子主要公立医院就诊的个体中十二指肠G。伊朗西南部。从2022年8月至2023年5月，共收集了614个来自个体的粪便样本，并使用寄生虫学技术初步检查了十二指肠氏杆菌囊肿。蔗糖浮选,和显微镜。显微镜阳性样品通过寄生虫DNA的SSU-PCR扩增进行验证。多位点基因分型（MLG）方案，专注于磷酸丙糖异构酶（tpi）和谷氨酸脱氢酶（gdh）基因，用于基因分型目的。通过显微镜和SSU-PCR，在7.5％（46/614）和8.5％（52/614）的样品中发现了G.十二指肠囊肿，分别。77.3%(17/22)和45.5%(10/22)的感染样品在tpi和gdh位点获得成功扩增和测序结果,分别。两个基因座的MLG数据仅可用于五个样品。在任何基因位点的22个样本中，54.5%(12/22)被鉴定为组合A，而45.5%(10/22)被确定为组合B。AII是确定的最主要的子组合[54.5%(12/22)]，其次是BIII[27%(6/22)]，不一致的BIII/BIV[13.6%(3/22)]，和BIV[4.5%（1/22）]。在本研究中,没有适合非人类动物宿主的组合(例如，C-F)被检测到。这表明在设拉子中人类贾第鞭毛虫病的传播主要是与人有关的。需要进一步的基于分子的分析来确认和扩展这些发现。这些分析还将有助于确定环境样本中寄生虫的存在和公共卫生重要性，比如喝水。
