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Abstract：
Background In this study, researchers investigated non-invasive methods for analyzing creatinine levels by using saliva to address the need for frequent phlebotomy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, which can damage their veins due to repeated blood withdrawals for creatinine level assessments. Methods This is a cross-sectional study in a tertiary healthcare setting conducted on 50 patients diagnosed with CKD. After collecting serum and salivary creatinine, we used Pearson correlation to assess the correlation between the two factors. Results The mean age of the patients was 50 years with a standard deviation of ± 15.32 years. 33 (66%) patients were males and 17 (34%) were females. Most patients were in the age group of 51 - 70 years, comprising 26 (52%) of the sample. The serum creatinine and salivary creatinine values ranged between 7.26-12.00 and 0.45-0.98, respectively. The median values were 9.72 and 0.75, respectively. There was a very weak positive linear relationship between serum and salivary creatinine levels; however, there was no significant association between them (p = 0.52). Nonetheless, a statistically significant, moderately negative linear correlation exists between serum urea and serum albumin (r = -0.36; p = 0.01). Additionally, there is a statistically significant weak negative linear correlation between serum chloride and serum urea (r = -0.3; p = 0.03). Comparing serum chloride and serum sodium reveals a statistically significant, moderately positive linear relationship (r = 0.4; p = 0.004). Serum phosphorus and serum creatinine display a statistically significant moderate positive linear relationship (r = 0.44; p = 0.001). Moreover, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and serum creatinine exhibit a statistically significant strong negative linear correlation (r = -0.79; p < 0.001), while eGFR and serum phosphorus demonstrate a statistically significant weak negative linear correlation (r = -0.30; p = 0.03). Conclusion The study found no significant association between salivary and serum creatinine levels. Further multicentric studies on a larger population must be conducted to find the potential correlation between serum and salivary markers.
摘要：
背景在这项研究中，研究人员通过使用唾液来解决慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者频繁静脉切开术的需求，研究了分析肌酐水平的非侵入性方法，由于反复抽血进行肌酐水平评估，这可能会损害他们的静脉。方法这是一项在三级医疗机构中对50例诊断为CKD的患者进行的横断面研究。收集血清和唾液肌酐后，我们使用Pearson相关性来评估这两个因素之间的相关性。结果患者的平均年龄为50岁，标准偏差为±15.32岁。33例（66％）患者为男性，17例（34％）为女性。大多数患者年龄在51-70岁之间，包含26（52%）的样品。血清肌酐和唾液肌酐值分别在7.26-12.00和0.45-0.98之间。中位数分别为9.72和0.75。血清和唾液肌酐水平之间存在非常弱的正线性关系；然而，两者之间无显著关联(p=0.52).尽管如此，具有统计学意义的，血清尿素和血清白蛋白之间存在中度负线性相关（r=-0.36；p=0.01）。此外,血清氯化物和血清尿素之间存在统计学上显著的弱负线性相关(r=-0.3;p=0.03)。比较血清氯化物和血清钠显示有统计学意义，中度正线性关系(r=0.4；p=0.004)。血清磷与血清肌酐呈中度正线性关系(r=0.44;p=0.001)。此外，估计的肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和血清肌酐表现出统计学显著的强负线性相关(r=-0.79;p<0.001),而eGFR和血清磷显示出统计学上显着的弱负线性相关（r=-0.30；p=0.03）。结论该研究发现唾液和血清肌酐水平之间没有显着关联。必须对更大的人群进行进一步的多中心研究，以发现血清和唾液标志物之间的潜在相关性。
