Abstract：
Bipolar disorder is a highly heritable and functionally impairing disease. The recognition and intervention of BD especially that characterized by early onset remains challenging. Risk biomarkers for predicting BD transition among at-risk youth may improve disease prognosis. We reviewed the more recent clinical studies to find possible pre-diagnostic biomarkers in youth at familial or (and) clinical risk of BD. Here we found that putative biomarkers for predicting conversion to BD include findings from multiple sample sources based on different hypotheses. Putative risk biomarkers shown by perspective studies are higher bipolar polygenetic risk scores, epigenetic alterations, elevated immune parameters, front-limbic system deficits, and brain circuit dysfunction associated with emotion and reward processing. Future studies need to enhance machine learning integration, make clinical detection methods more objective, and improve the quality of cohort studies.
摘要：
双相情感障碍是一种高度遗传性和功能损害的疾病。特别是以早期发作为特征的BD的识别和干预仍然具有挑战性。预测高危青年BD转变的风险生物标志物可能改善疾病预后。我们回顾了最近的临床研究，以发现在家族性或（和）BD临床风险的年轻人中可能的诊断前生物标志物。在这里，我们发现用于预测向BD转化的推定生物标志物包括基于不同假设的来自多个样本来源的发现。前瞻性研究显示的推定风险生物标志物是较高的双相多遗传风险评分，表观遗传改变，免疫参数升高，前边缘系统缺陷，以及与情绪和奖励处理相关的大脑回路功能障碍。未来的研究需要加强机器学习集成，使临床检测方法更加客观，提高队列研究的质量。
