PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Before the introduction of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) to sub-Saharan Africa, Ceratitis cosyra (Walker) was economically the most important pest in mango farming. Its native natural enemy, the solitary parasitoid Psyttalia cosyrae (Wilkinson), played a crucial role in C. cosyra bio-control, later complemented by the exotic parasitoids Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) and Fopius arisanus (Sonan) among Integrated Pest Management (IPM) systems. To understand the in situ mango-C. cosyra-parasitoid tritrophic interaction, we assessed the responses of the fruit fly and the three parasitoids to headspace volatiles from various mango conditions. These conditions included non-infested mature unripe mangoes, C. cosyra-infested mangoes, 7th- and 9th-day post-infestation mangoes, non-infested ripe mangoes of three varieties (Kent, Apple, and Haden), and clean air (blank). We also compared the fruit fly\'s performance in the mango varieties and identified the chemical profiles of mango headspace volatiles. Ceratitis cosyra was attracted to both infested and non-infested mangoes (66-84 % of responsive C. cosyra) and showed superior performance in Kent mango (72.1 % of the 287 puparia recovered) compared to Apple and Haden varieties. Fopius arisanus displayed a stronger attraction to the volatiles of C. cosyra-infested mangoes (68-70 %), while P. cosyrae and D. longicaudata were significantly attracted to the 9th-day post-infestation mangoes (68-78 %) compared to non-infested mango volatiles. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy showed substantial quantitative and qualitative differences in volatile profiles among mango treatments. Esters predominated in non-infested ripe, 7th- and 9th-day post-infestation mangoes, while monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were most dominant in the other treatments. The in situ experiments underscored varying preferences of the species for mango headspace volatiles and their subsequent treatments. These results provide valuable insights for further exploration, specifically in identifying the key volatiles responsible for species responses, to facilitate the development of applicable selective semiochemicals for managing species of African fruit fly.
摘要：
在将Bactroceradorsalis（Hendel）引入撒哈拉以南非洲之前，Ceritiscosyra（Walker）在经济上是芒果养殖中最重要的害虫。它的本土天敌，孤独的类寄生虫精神病（威尔金森），在C.cosyra生物防治中发挥了关键作用，后来在害虫综合治理（IPM）系统中得到了外来寄生虫Diachasmimorphalongicaudata（Ashmead）和Fopiusarisanus（Sonan）的补充。了解原位芒果C.cosyra-寄生虫三养相互作用，我们评估了果蝇和三种寄生虫对各种芒果条件下的顶空挥发物的反应。这些条件包括未受侵染的成熟未成熟芒果，C.cosyra出没的芒果，侵扰后的第7天和第9天芒果，三个品种的非侵染成熟芒果(肯特，苹果,和哈登)，和干净的空气（空白）。我们还比较了果蝇在芒果品种中的表现，并确定了芒果顶空挥发物的化学特征。与苹果和哈登品种相比，在肯特芒果中表现出优异的性能（占反应性科西拉的66-84％），在肯特芒果中表现出优异的性能（在287个阴部中恢复了72.1％）。Fopiusarisanus对C.cosyra感染的芒果的挥发物（68-70％）表现出更强的吸引力，与未侵染的芒果挥发物相比，而P.cosyrae和D.longicaudata被侵染后第9天的芒果（68-78％）显着吸引。气相色谱-质谱法显示，芒果处理之间的挥发性成分在数量和质量上存在实质性差异。在未出没的成熟中，酯占主导地位，侵扰后的第7天和第9天芒果，而单萜和倍半萜在其他处理中占主导地位。原位实验强调了该物种对芒果顶空挥发物及其后续处理的不同偏好。这些结果为进一步探索提供了有价值的见解，特别是在确定负责物种反应的关键挥发物时，促进开发适用的选择性化学信息素，以管理非洲果蝇物种。
