PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Anthropogenic threats such as water infrastructure, land-use changes, overexploitation of fishes and other biological resources, invasive species and climate change present formidable challenges to freshwater biodiversity. Historically, management of fish and fishery species has largely been based on studies of population- and community-level dynamics; however, the emerging field of conservation physiology promotes the assessment of individual fish health as a key management tool. Fish health is highly sensitive to environmental disturbances and is also a fundamental driver of fitness, with implications for population dynamics such as recruitment and resilience. However, the mechanistic links between particular anthropogenic disturbances and changes in fish health, or impact pathways, are diverse and complex. The diversity of ways in which fish health can be measured also presents a challenge for researchers deciding on methods to employ in studies seeking to understand the impact of these threats. In this review, we aim to provide an understanding of the pathway through which anthropogenic threats in freshwater ecosystems impact fish health and the ways in which fish health components impacted by anthropogenic threats can be assessed. We employ a quantitative systematic approach to a corpus of papers related to fish health in freshwater and utilize a framework that summarizes the impact pathway of anthropogenic threats through environmental alterations and impact mechanisms that cause a response in fish health. We found that land-use changes were the most prolific anthropogenic threat, with a range of different health metrics being suitable for assessing the impact of this threat. Almost all anthropogenic threats impacted fish health through two or more impact pathways. A robust understanding of the impact pathways of anthropogenic threats and the fish health metrics that are sensitive to these threats is crucial for fisheries managers seeking to undertake targeted management of freshwater ecosystems.
摘要：
水基础设施等人为威胁，土地利用变化，过度开发鱼类和其他生物资源，入侵物种和气候变化对淡水生物多样性提出了严峻挑战。历史上,鱼类和渔业物种的管理在很大程度上是基于对种群和社区水平动态的研究；然而，保护生理学的新兴领域促进个体鱼类健康评估作为关键管理工具。鱼类健康对环境干扰高度敏感，也是健身的基本驱动力，对人口动态的影响，如招聘和韧性。然而,特定的人为干扰和鱼类健康变化之间的机械联系，或影响途径，是多样而复杂的。鱼类健康测量方式的多样性也给研究人员带来了挑战，他们决定在寻求了解这些威胁影响的研究中采用的方法。在这次审查中,我们旨在了解淡水生态系统中人为威胁影响鱼类健康的途径，以及评估受人为威胁影响的鱼类健康成分的方法。我们采用定量系统的方法来研究与淡水鱼类健康相关的论文，并利用一个框架，通过环境变化和影响机制来总结人为威胁的影响途径，从而引起鱼类健康的反应。我们发现土地利用变化是最多产的人为威胁，一系列不同的健康指标适用于评估这种威胁的影响。几乎所有人为威胁都通过两种或多种影响途径影响鱼类健康。对人为威胁的影响途径和对这些威胁敏感的鱼类健康指标的深刻理解对于寻求对淡水生态系统进行有针对性管理的渔业管理者至关重要。
