Abstract：
The enduring relationship between humans and domestic sheep has evolved over millennia, showcasing diverse uses such as meat, milk, wool, leather and fur, shaped by geographical, historical, cultural and social factors. The sheep breeds discussed include the Ivesi from Southeastern Anatolia, known for its varied animal products; the resilient Turcana breed of Romania; Kosovo\'s Bardoka, valued for its triple-purpose characteristics; and Poland\'s Polish Mountain Sheep, uniquely utilized for milk production in cheese making. Sheep, with their enduring relationship with humans and significant economic importance, have attracted scientific interest in morphometric studies of their mandibles, yielding valuable data applicable across various fields including basic anatomy, veterinary clinical anatomy, zooarchaeology and veterinary forensic medicine. Traditional morphometric studies rely on statistical methods to compare length, depth and angular ratios between anatomical formations, often highlighting differences between specific points but not fully revealing shape variations between distinct groups. Geometric morphometric analysis has emerged as a preferred method in recent years, enabling shape analyses using coordinate data from various imaging techniques, facilitating a comprehensive examination of mandibular morphometrics among sheep breeds across different countries. This study involved four sheep breeds from different countries, namely İvesi from Turkey, Bardoka from Kosovo, Polish Mountain Sheep from Poland and Turcana from Romania, with a total of 70 mandibles sourced from various veterinary faculties. Mandibular photographs were meticulously captured, focusing on the right side of mandible pairs and placing landmarks and semi-landmarks along the entire edge, enabling geometric morphometric analysis using tpsUtil, tpsDig2 and MorphoJ software. The analysis included principal component analysis, canonical variate analysis and discriminant function analysis for pairwise comparisons, facilitating a comprehensive examination of mandibular shape variations among the different sheep breeds. Using geometric morphometric methods, this study analysed mandibles from four distinct sheep breeds sourced from different countries, revealing notable variations in regions such as the ramus mandibula, angulus mandibula and incisive areas, attributed to genetic, geographical and dietary influences, highlighting the importance of continued research to better comprehend these shape differences.
摘要：
人类与家养绵羊之间的持久关系已经发展了数千年，展示肉类等多种用途，牛奶，羊毛,皮革和毛皮，由地理塑造，历史,文化和社会因素。讨论的绵羊品种包括安纳托利亚东南部的Ivesi，以其多样化的动物产品而闻名；罗马尼亚的弹性Turcana品种；科索沃的Bardoka，因其三重目的而受到重视；波兰的波兰山羊，独特地用于奶酪制作中的牛奶生产。绵羊,他们与人类的持久关系和显著的经济重要性，引起了对下颌骨形态计量学研究的科学兴趣，产生适用于各个领域的有价值的数据，包括基本解剖学，兽医临床解剖学,动物考古学和兽医法医学。传统的形态计量学研究依靠统计方法来比较长度，解剖结构之间的深度和角度比，通常突出特定点之间的差异，但不能完全揭示不同组之间的形状变化。近年来，几何形态分析已成为一种首选方法，使用来自各种成像技术的坐标数据进行形状分析，促进对不同国家绵羊品种的下颌形态计量学进行全面检查。这项研究涉及来自不同国家的四种绵羊品种，即来自土耳其的Ivesi，来自科索沃的Bardoka,来自波兰的波兰山羊和来自罗马尼亚的Turcana，共有70只下颌骨来自各个兽医学院。下颌照片被精心拍摄，专注于下颌骨对的右侧，并沿整个边缘放置地标和半地标，使用tpsUtil实现几何形态测量分析，tpsDig2和MorphoJ软件。分析包括主成分分析，成对比较的规范变量分析和判别函数分析，有助于全面检查不同绵羊品种之间的下颌形状变化。使用几何形态测量方法，这项研究分析了来自不同国家的四种不同绵羊品种的下颌骨，揭示了下颌骨等区域的显着变化，下颌骨和尖锐区域，归因于遗传，地理和饮食的影响，强调继续研究以更好地理解这些形状差异的重要性。
