Abstract：
Antibiotic resistance is increasingly seen as a future concern, but antibiotics are still commonly used in animals, leading to their accumulation in humans through the food chain and posing health risks. The development of nanomaterials has opened up possibilities for creating new sensing strategies to detect antibiotic residues, resulting in the emergence of innovative nanobiosensors with different benefits like rapidity, simplicity, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision. Therefore, this comprehensive review provides pertinent and current insights into nanomaterials-based electrochemical/optical sensors for the detection of antibitic residues (ANBr) across milk and dairy products. Here, we first discuss the commonly used ANBs in real products, the significance of ANBr, and also their binding/biological properties. Then, we provide an overview of the role of using different nanomaterials on the development of advanced nanobiosensors like fluorescence-based, colorimetric, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface plasmon resonance, and several important electrochemical nanobiosensors relying on different kinds of electrodes. The enhancement of ANB electrochemical behavior for detection is also outlined, along with a concise overview of the utilization of (bio)recognition units. Ultimately, this paper offers a perspective on the future concepts of this research field and commercialized nanomaterial-based sensors to help upgrade the sensing techniques for ANBr in dairy products.
摘要：
抗生素耐药性越来越被视为未来的担忧，但是抗生素仍然常用于动物，导致它们通过食物链在人类中积累并构成健康风险。纳米材料的发展为创建检测抗生素残留的新传感策略开辟了可能性，导致创新的纳米生物传感器的出现，具有不同的好处，如速度，简单，准确度,灵敏度,特异性，和精度。因此,这篇全面的综述提供了有关基于纳米材料的电化学/光学传感器的相关和最新见解，用于检测牛奶和乳制品中的抗生素残留（ANBr）。这里,我们首先讨论实际产品中常用的ANB，ANBr的意义，以及它们的结合/生物学特性。然后，我们概述了使用不同纳米材料在开发基于荧光的先进纳米生物传感器方面的作用，比色法,表面增强拉曼散射,表面等离子体共振，和几个重要的电化学纳米生物传感器依赖于不同种类的电极。还概述了用于检测的ANB电化学行为的增强，以及（生物）识别单元的使用的简要概述。最终,本文提供了该研究领域的未来概念和商业化的基于纳米材料的传感器的观点，以帮助升级乳制品中ANBr的传感技术。
