Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Arguably one of the most disruptive innovations in medicine of the past decade, artificial intelligence is dramatically changing how healthcare is practiced today. A systematic review of the most recent artificial intelligence advances in facial plastic surgery is presented for surgeons to stay abreast of the latest in our field.
RESULTS: Artificial intelligence applications developed for use in perioperative patient evaluation and management, education, and research in facial plastic surgery are highlighted. Selected themes include automated facial analysis with landmark detection, automated facial palsy grading and emotional assessment, generation of artificial facial profiles for testing and model training, automated postoperative patient communications, and improving ethnicity-sensitive facial morphometry norms. Inherent bias can exist in artificial intelligence models, and care must be taken to utilize algorithms trained with diverse datasets.
CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence tools are helping clinicians provide more standardized, objective, and efficient care to their patients. Increasing surgeon awareness of available tools, and their widespread implementation into clinical workflows are the next frontier. Ethical considerations must also shape the adoption of any artificial intelligence functionality. As artificial intelligence applications become a fixture in medicine, surgeons must employ them effectively to stay at the vanguard of modern medicine.
RESULTS: Artificial intelligence applications developed for use in perioperative patient evaluation and management, education, and research in facial plastic surgery are highlighted. Selected themes include automated facial analysis with landmark detection, automated facial palsy grading and emotional assessment, generation of artificial facial profiles for testing and model training, automated postoperative patient communications, and improving ethnicity-sensitive facial morphometry norms. Inherent bias can exist in artificial intelligence models, and care must be taken to utilize algorithms trained with diverse datasets.
CONCLUSIONS: Artificial intelligence tools are helping clinicians provide more standardized, objective, and efficient care to their patients. Increasing surgeon awareness of available tools, and their widespread implementation into clinical workflows are the next frontier. Ethical considerations must also shape the adoption of any artificial intelligence functionality. As artificial intelligence applications become a fixture in medicine, surgeons must employ them effectively to stay at the vanguard of modern medicine.
摘要：
目标：可以说是过去十年医学领域最具颠覆性的创新之一，人工智能正在极大地改变今天的医疗保健实践。对面部整形手术中最新的人工智能进展进行了系统的回顾，以使外科医生了解我们领域的最新情况。
结果：开发用于围手术期患者评估和管理的人工智能应用程序，教育,面部整形手术的研究被强调了。选定的主题包括具有地标检测的自动面部分析，自动面部麻痹分级和情绪评估，生成用于测试和模型训练的人造面部轮廓，术后自动患者通信，并改善种族敏感的面部形态计量学规范。内在偏差可以存在于人工智能模型中，并且必须注意利用用不同数据集训练的算法。
结论：人工智能工具正在帮助临床医生提供更多的标准化，目标,以及对患者的有效护理。提高外科医生对可用工具的认识，以及它们在临床工作流程中的广泛实施是下一个前沿。道德考虑还必须决定采用任何人工智能功能。随着人工智能应用成为医学的固定装置，外科医生必须有效地雇用他们，以保持现代医学的先锋地位。
结果：开发用于围手术期患者评估和管理的人工智能应用程序，教育,面部整形手术的研究被强调了。选定的主题包括具有地标检测的自动面部分析，自动面部麻痹分级和情绪评估，生成用于测试和模型训练的人造面部轮廓，术后自动患者通信，并改善种族敏感的面部形态计量学规范。内在偏差可以存在于人工智能模型中，并且必须注意利用用不同数据集训练的算法。
结论：人工智能工具正在帮助临床医生提供更多的标准化，目标,以及对患者的有效护理。提高外科医生对可用工具的认识，以及它们在临床工作流程中的广泛实施是下一个前沿。道德考虑还必须决定采用任何人工智能功能。随着人工智能应用成为医学的固定装置，外科医生必须有效地雇用他们，以保持现代医学的先锋地位。
