Abstract：
β-Galactosidase (β-Gala) is an essential biomarker enzyme for early detection of breast tumors and cellular senescence. Creating an accurate way to monitor β-Gala activity is critical for biological research and early cancer detection. This work used fluorometric, colorimetric, and paper-based color sensing approaches to determine β-Gala activity effectively. Via the sensing performance, the catalytic activity of β-Gala resulted in silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), fluorescent indicators obtained via a one-pot hydrothermal process. As a standard enzymatic hydrolysis product of the substrate, kaempferol 3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (KOβDG) caused the fluorometric signal to be attenuated on kaempferol-silicon nanoparticles (K-SiNPs). The sensing methods demonstrated a satisfactory linear response in sensing β-Gala and a low detection limit. The findings showed the low limit of detection (LOD) as 0.00057 and 0.098 U/mL for fluorometric and colorimetric, respectively. The designed probe was then used to evaluate the catalytic activity of β-Gala in yogurt and human serum, with recoveries ranging from 98.33 to 107.9%. The designed sensing approach was also applied to biological sample analysis. In contrast, breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were used as a model to test the in vitro toxicity and molecular fluorescence imaging potential of K-SiNPs. Hence, our fluorescent K-SiNPs can be used in the clinic to diagnose breast cellular carcinoma, since they can accurately measure the presence of invasive ductal carcinoma in serologic tests.
摘要：
β-半乳糖苷酶(β-Gala)是早期检测乳腺肿瘤和细胞衰老的重要生物标记酶。创建准确的方法来监测β-Gala活性对于生物学研究和早期癌症检测至关重要。这项工作使用了荧光测量，比色法,和基于纸张的颜色传感方法来有效地确定β-Gala活性。通过传感性能，β-Gala的催化活性导致硅纳米颗粒（SiNPs），通过一锅法水热法获得荧光指示剂。作为底物的标准酶解产物，山奈酚3-O-β-d-吡喃半乳糖苷（KOβDG）导致山奈酚-硅纳米颗粒（K-SiNP）上的荧光信号减弱。感测方法在感测β-Gala时表现出令人满意的线性响应和低检测限。结果表明，荧光和比色法的检测下限（LOD）为0.00057和0.098U/mL，分别。利用所设计的探针对β-Gala在酸奶和人血清中的催化活性进行了评价,回收率在98.33至107.9%之间。所设计的传感方法也被应用于生物样品分析。相比之下,以乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)为模型,检测K-SiNPs的体外毒性和分子荧光成像潜能.因此，我们的荧光K-SiNPs可用于临床诊断乳腺癌，因为他们可以在血清学测试中准确测量浸润性导管癌的存在。
