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Abstract：
Background The use of surface coatings to enhance the properties lacking in titanium has attracted significant focus in recent times. Hafnium nitride (HfN) coatings could be explored as promising in the osteoinductive properties of titanium implants. HfN exhibits excellent mechanical attributes, such as hardness and wear resistance, and is often used as a coating on high-end equipment for protection. The findings from this research may carve a new path for the production and optimization of HfN coatings to enhance the longevity and augment properties of implant materials. Thus, the present study was orchestrated to elucidate the surface morphology of HfN coating, ultimately contributing to the advancement of dental implant biomaterials. Materials and methods A total of twenty samples of medical grade commercially pure titanium screws (2 mm diameter and 7 mm length) were procured from G. R. Bioure Surgical System Pvt. Ltd., Ravali, Uttar Pradesh, India, and ten samples were reacted with HfN (0.1 M) (Nano Research Elements, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India) in 100% ethanol and stirred continuously for about 48 hours. Then these screw samples were immersed in the prepared colloidal suspension and sintered for two hours at 400 degrees centigrade. The implant screws were affixed onto metal supports. The magnifications for photomicrographs at ×30, ×200, ×1,500, ×3,000, and ×5,000 were standardized. Elementary semi-quantitative analysis of both dental implants was conducted using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) coupled with the field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipment (JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan). The software used for the analysis of the obtained images is SEM Center. Results The surface analysis using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the coating of HfN over titanium screws. The difference in surface morphology of both the group of implant screws can be visualized under 40.0 and 10.0 mm working distance (WD) for both groups. The surface analysis using the EDX of uncoated titanium screws shows five elements in the spectrum: titanium (Ti), oxygen (O), aluminum (Al), carbon (C), and vanadium (V). The EDX of the HfN-coated screws has two additional metals dispersed in the spectrum, hafnium (Hf). The element characteristics are tabulated with their apparent concentration, k ratio, line type, weight percentage, standard label, and factory label for uncoated titanium screws and HfN-coated titanium screws. Conclusion The study evaluated HfN coating over medical grade commercially pure titanium. The surface topography of coated versus uncoated was visualized. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed a homogenous coating over the titanium surfaces, and the EDX showed elemental dispersion of the coated implant. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the coating\'s surface morphology, which will aid in the development of more durable and biocompatible implants. This thereby provides a promising scope for further research of this novel metal coating for use in the biomedical sectors, specifically for dental implants.
摘要：
背景技术近来,使用表面涂层来增强钛缺乏的性能已经引起了极大的关注。可以探索氮化铪（HfN）涂层在钛植入物的骨诱导性能方面具有广阔的前景。HfN表现出优异的机械属性，如硬度和耐磨性，通常用作高端设备上的保护涂层。这项研究的结果可能为HfN涂层的生产和优化开辟一条新途径，以提高植入材料的寿命和增强性能。因此，本研究是为了阐明HfN涂层的表面形貌，最终有助于牙种植体生物材料的发展。材料和方法从G.R.Bioure外科系统Pvt.Ltd.,拉瓦利,北方邦,印度,和十个样品与HfN(0.1M)反应(纳米研究元素，Kurukshetra,哈里亚纳邦,印度)在100%乙醇中并连续搅拌约48小时。然后将这些螺杆样品浸入所制备的胶体悬浮液中并在400摄氏度下烧结2小时。将植入物螺钉固定到金属载体上。在×30、×200、×1,500、×3,000和×5,000处的显微照片的放大倍数被标准化。使用能量色散X射线光谱法（EDX）结合场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）设备（JEOLLtd.，Akishima,东京,日本）。用于所获得的图像的分析的软件是SEM中心。结果使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)的表面分析显示在钛螺钉上的HfN涂层。两组植入物螺钉的表面形态差异可以在40.0和10.0mm工作距离（WD）下可视化。使用未涂覆的钛螺钉的EDX进行的表面分析显示了光谱中的五种元素：钛（Ti），氧(O),铝(Al),碳(C),和钒(V)。HfN涂层螺钉的EDX有两种额外的金属分散在光谱中，铪（Hf）。元素特征用它们的表观浓度制成表格，k比值,线型,重量百分比，标准标签,无涂层钛螺钉和HfN涂层钛螺钉的工厂标签。结论该研究评估了医用级商业纯钛上的HfN涂层。可见涂覆的表面形貌与未涂覆的表面形貌。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）图像显示钛表面上的均匀涂层，和EDX显示涂层植入物的元素分散。本研究旨在全面了解涂层的表面形貌,这将有助于开发更耐用和生物相容性的植入物。因此，这为用于生物医学领域的这种新型金属涂层的进一步研究提供了有希望的范围。专门用于牙科植入物。
