PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Implementation strategies are theorized to work well when carefully matched to implementation determinants and when factors-preconditions, moderators, etc.-that influence strategy effectiveness are prospectively identified and addressed. Existing methods for strategy selection are either imprecise or require significant technical expertise and resources, undermining their utility. This article outlines refinements to causal pathway diagrams (CPDs), a method for articulating the causal process through which implementation strategies work and offers illustrations of their use.
UNASSIGNED: CPDs are a visualization tool to represent an implementation strategy, its mechanism(s) (i.e., the processes through which a strategy is thought to operate), determinants it is intended to address, factors that may impede or facilitate its effectiveness, and the series of outcomes that should be expected if the strategy is operating as intended. We offer principles for constructing CPDs and describe their key functions.
UNASSIGNED: Applications of the CPD method by study teams from two National Institute of Health-funded Implementation Science Centers and a research grant are presented. These include the use of CPDs to (a) match implementation strategies to determinants, (b) understand the conditions under which an implementation strategy works, and (c) develop causal theories of implementation strategies.
UNASSIGNED: CPDs offer a novel method for implementers to select, understand, and improve the effectiveness of implementation strategies. They make explicit theoretical assumptions about strategy operation while supporting practical planning. Early applications have led to method refinements and guidance for the field.
Advances to the Causal Pathway Diagramming Method to Enhance Implementation Precision Plain Language Summary Implementation strategies often fail to produce meaningful improvements in the outcomes we hope to impact. Better tools for choosing, designing, and evaluating implementation strategies may improve their performance. We developed a tool, causal pathway diagrams (CPD), to visualize and describe how implementation strategies are expected to work. In this article, we describe refinements to the CPD tool and accompanying approach. We use real illustrations to show how CPDs can be used to improve how to match strategies to barriers, understand the conditions in which those strategies work best, and develop generalizable theories describing how implementation strategies work. CPDs can serve as both a practical and scientific tool to improve the planning, deployment, and evaluation of implementation strategies. We demonstrate the range of ways that CPDs are being used, from a highly practical tool to improve implementation practice to a scientific approach to advance testing and theorizing about implementation strategies.
UNASSIGNED: CPDs are a visualization tool to represent an implementation strategy, its mechanism(s) (i.e., the processes through which a strategy is thought to operate), determinants it is intended to address, factors that may impede or facilitate its effectiveness, and the series of outcomes that should be expected if the strategy is operating as intended. We offer principles for constructing CPDs and describe their key functions.
UNASSIGNED: Applications of the CPD method by study teams from two National Institute of Health-funded Implementation Science Centers and a research grant are presented. These include the use of CPDs to (a) match implementation strategies to determinants, (b) understand the conditions under which an implementation strategy works, and (c) develop causal theories of implementation strategies.
UNASSIGNED: CPDs offer a novel method for implementers to select, understand, and improve the effectiveness of implementation strategies. They make explicit theoretical assumptions about strategy operation while supporting practical planning. Early applications have led to method refinements and guidance for the field.
Advances to the Causal Pathway Diagramming Method to Enhance Implementation Precision Plain Language Summary Implementation strategies often fail to produce meaningful improvements in the outcomes we hope to impact. Better tools for choosing, designing, and evaluating implementation strategies may improve their performance. We developed a tool, causal pathway diagrams (CPD), to visualize and describe how implementation strategies are expected to work. In this article, we describe refinements to the CPD tool and accompanying approach. We use real illustrations to show how CPDs can be used to improve how to match strategies to barriers, understand the conditions in which those strategies work best, and develop generalizable theories describing how implementation strategies work. CPDs can serve as both a practical and scientific tool to improve the planning, deployment, and evaluation of implementation strategies. We demonstrate the range of ways that CPDs are being used, from a highly practical tool to improve implementation practice to a scientific approach to advance testing and theorizing about implementation strategies.
摘要：
■从理论上讲，当与实施决定因素仔细匹配时，实施策略会很好地发挥作用，主持人,等。-前瞻性地识别和解决影响战略有效性的问题。现有的策略选择方法要么不精确,要么需要大量的技术专长和资源,破坏他们的效用。本文概述了因果路径图(CPD)的改进，一种方法，用于阐明因果过程，通过该实施策略的工作，并提供其使用说明。
■CPD是表示实施策略的可视化工具，其机制(即，认为战略运作的过程)，它旨在解决的决定因素，可能阻碍或促进其有效性的因素，以及如果战略按预期运行，应该预期的一系列结果。我们提供构建CPD的原则并描述其关键功能。
■介绍了来自美国国立卫生研究院资助的两个实施科学中心的研究团队对CPD方法的应用和研究资助。其中包括使用国家方案文件(a)将实施战略与决定因素相匹配，(b)了解实施策略的运作条件，(c)发展实施战略的因果理论。
■CPD为实施者提供了一种新颖的选择方法，理解,提高实施策略的有效性。他们在支持实际计划的同时，对战略操作做出明确的理论假设。早期的应用导致了该领域的方法改进和指导。
因果途径图表方法的进展，以增强实施精度的简单语言摘要实施策略通常无法在我们希望影响的结果中产生有意义的改进。更好的选择工具，设计,评估实施策略可能会提高其绩效。我们开发了一个工具，因果路径图(CPD)，可视化和描述实施策略是如何工作的。在这篇文章中,我们描述了CPD工具的改进和伴随的方法。我们使用真实的插图来展示如何使用CPD来改进如何将策略与障碍相匹配，了解这些策略最有效的条件，并开发可推广的理论，描述实施策略是如何工作的。国家方案文件可以作为改进规划的实用和科学工具，部署,和实施战略的评估。我们展示了CPD的使用方式，从改进实施实践的高度实用工具到推进实施战略测试和理论化的科学方法。
■CPD是表示实施策略的可视化工具，其机制(即，认为战略运作的过程)，它旨在解决的决定因素，可能阻碍或促进其有效性的因素，以及如果战略按预期运行，应该预期的一系列结果。我们提供构建CPD的原则并描述其关键功能。
■介绍了来自美国国立卫生研究院资助的两个实施科学中心的研究团队对CPD方法的应用和研究资助。其中包括使用国家方案文件(a)将实施战略与决定因素相匹配，(b)了解实施策略的运作条件，(c)发展实施战略的因果理论。
■CPD为实施者提供了一种新颖的选择方法，理解,提高实施策略的有效性。他们在支持实际计划的同时，对战略操作做出明确的理论假设。早期的应用导致了该领域的方法改进和指导。
因果途径图表方法的进展，以增强实施精度的简单语言摘要实施策略通常无法在我们希望影响的结果中产生有意义的改进。更好的选择工具，设计,评估实施策略可能会提高其绩效。我们开发了一个工具，因果路径图(CPD)，可视化和描述实施策略是如何工作的。在这篇文章中,我们描述了CPD工具的改进和伴随的方法。我们使用真实的插图来展示如何使用CPD来改进如何将策略与障碍相匹配，了解这些策略最有效的条件，并开发可推广的理论，描述实施策略是如何工作的。国家方案文件可以作为改进规划的实用和科学工具，部署,和实施战略的评估。我们展示了CPD的使用方式，从改进实施实践的高度实用工具到推进实施战略测试和理论化的科学方法。
