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Abstract：
Sustainable development through technical progress for middle-income countries (MICs) is overlooked in growth allied studies. Despite their crucial role in alleviating poverty and resource shortages, MICs encounter challenges in global economic competition, driving persistent efforts to find practical solutions. Therefore, this study explores the integrated impact of R&D expenditure and remittances on economic growth in MICs. Using data from 25 MICs between 1996 and 2021, this study employs the \"2nd generation unit root\" and \"panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL)\" methods. The \"feasible generalized least square (FGLS)\" techniques and the \"Dumitrescu-Hurlin (D-H)\" causality test are employed to verify the robustness of the panel ARDL estimation. The Westerlund cointegration tests confirm a long-term cointegration between variables. The findings of the panel ARDL approach show that R&D expenditure and remittances positively and significantly influence economic growth. The robustness of the panel ARDL results is confirmed by the FGLS estimation, which produces similar outcomes. The outcomes from the FGLS and the ARDL methods are additionally validated by the D-H causality check. Therefore, encouraging R&D and remittances is crucial to accelerate middle-income nations\' economic growth. The study reveals a novel mechanism of R&D expenditures, remittances, and economic growth in MICs, shaping their mutual influence on this economic landscape. The study supports middle-income countries\' policymakers in creating effective policies for their financial institutions regarding R&D expenditure and remittances.
摘要：
通过中等收入国家（MICs）的技术进步实现可持续发展在增长相关研究中被忽视。尽管它们在缓解贫困和资源短缺方面发挥了关键作用，中等收入国家在全球经济竞争中面临挑战，不断努力寻找切实可行的解决方案。因此,这项研究探讨了研发支出和汇款对中等收入国家经济增长的综合影响。本研究使用1996年至2021年之间来自25个MIC的数据，采用了“第二代单位根”和“面板自回归分布滞后（ARDL）”方法。采用“可行广义最小二乘（FGLS）”技术和“Dumitrescu-Hurlin（D-H）”因果关系检验来验证面板ARDL估计的鲁棒性。Westerlund协整检验证实了变量之间的长期协整关系。面板ARDL方法的结果表明，研发支出和汇款对经济增长具有积极和显着的影响。FGLS估计证实了面板ARDL结果的稳健性，产生类似的结果。FGLS和ARDL方法的结果还通过D-H因果关系检查进行了验证。因此,鼓励研发和汇款对于加速中等收入国家的经济增长至关重要。这项研究揭示了一种新的研发支出机制，汇款,中等收入国家的经济增长，塑造他们对这一经济格局的相互影响。该研究支持中等收入国家的政策制定者为其金融机构制定关于研发支出和汇款的有效政策。
