PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Robust surveillance of injury aetiology and epidemiology is recognised as fundamental for effective injury reduction and management programmes. However, while sex-specific differences in injury type and nature are noted in the literature, it is unclear if these are reflected in surveillance practices, and how the athlete is affected.
OBJECTIVE: Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review contact breast injuries (CBIs) among adult female athletes.
METHODS: The following databases were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus including MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. The literature search was conducted in May 2023 and the search was limited to articles in the English and German language. Studies including female athletes, aged 18 years and above, in any sports (team or individual) at any level (amateur, semi-professional and professional), where an occurrence of CBI was documented were included. Studies were included irrespective of their investigated timeframes (e.g. the whole career, one or multiple seasons). Findings were categorised (e.g. sport, level of competition and investigated timeframe of the study) to enable possible comparisons. Case studies were excluded due to the non-generalisability of findings.
RESULTS: Of the six studies included, rugby codes (rugby union, rugby league and rugby sevens) had the highest occurrence rate (62.0%) of CBIs among eight different investigated sports (rugby codes 62.0%, softball 59.5%, Australian Football League (AFL) 51.0%, water polo 50.0%, soccer 46.7%, basketball 27.6-48.8%, volleyball 34.6%, boxing 0.0%). Between 25.6% and 62.0% of participants reported incurring a CBI and between 0.0% and 42.9% of CBIs were reported to a medical professional or support staff. The reported treatment rate for CBIs ranged between 0.0% and 2.1%, The main mechanisms for CBIs (where reported) were contact with another athlete (AFL 37.6%, rugby codes 56%) the ball (AFL 31.6%, rugby codes 25.5%) and the ground (AFL 6.6%, rugby codes 22%). Between 18.2% and 48% of the participants reported that CBIs negatively affected their performance. Risk factors increasing CBIs were positional differences, larger breast size and higher body mass index (BMI). In-season injury data collection and surveillance supported through education of both players and medical staff were identified to be of relevance for future CBI prevention. None of the studies reported incidence rate.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the frequent occurrence of CBIs among female athletes, reporting and treatment remains low. Awareness and education of all stakeholders are fundamental to ensuring better breast safety in female sport. Identifying the mechanics, severity and risk factors of CBIs through thorough injury surveillance must be a focus of further research.
BACKGROUND: The study was preregistered on Open Science Framework (OSF).
OBJECTIVE: Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review contact breast injuries (CBIs) among adult female athletes.
METHODS: The following databases were searched: PubMed, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus including MEDLINE, Web of Science and Scopus. The literature search was conducted in May 2023 and the search was limited to articles in the English and German language. Studies including female athletes, aged 18 years and above, in any sports (team or individual) at any level (amateur, semi-professional and professional), where an occurrence of CBI was documented were included. Studies were included irrespective of their investigated timeframes (e.g. the whole career, one or multiple seasons). Findings were categorised (e.g. sport, level of competition and investigated timeframe of the study) to enable possible comparisons. Case studies were excluded due to the non-generalisability of findings.
RESULTS: Of the six studies included, rugby codes (rugby union, rugby league and rugby sevens) had the highest occurrence rate (62.0%) of CBIs among eight different investigated sports (rugby codes 62.0%, softball 59.5%, Australian Football League (AFL) 51.0%, water polo 50.0%, soccer 46.7%, basketball 27.6-48.8%, volleyball 34.6%, boxing 0.0%). Between 25.6% and 62.0% of participants reported incurring a CBI and between 0.0% and 42.9% of CBIs were reported to a medical professional or support staff. The reported treatment rate for CBIs ranged between 0.0% and 2.1%, The main mechanisms for CBIs (where reported) were contact with another athlete (AFL 37.6%, rugby codes 56%) the ball (AFL 31.6%, rugby codes 25.5%) and the ground (AFL 6.6%, rugby codes 22%). Between 18.2% and 48% of the participants reported that CBIs negatively affected their performance. Risk factors increasing CBIs were positional differences, larger breast size and higher body mass index (BMI). In-season injury data collection and surveillance supported through education of both players and medical staff were identified to be of relevance for future CBI prevention. None of the studies reported incidence rate.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the frequent occurrence of CBIs among female athletes, reporting and treatment remains low. Awareness and education of all stakeholders are fundamental to ensuring better breast safety in female sport. Identifying the mechanics, severity and risk factors of CBIs through thorough injury surveillance must be a focus of further research.
BACKGROUND: The study was preregistered on Open Science Framework (OSF).
摘要：
背景：对损伤病因和流行病学进行强有力的监测被认为是有效减少损伤和管理计划的基础。然而,虽然在文献中指出了性别在伤害类型和性质方面的差异，目前尚不清楚这些是否反映在监测实践中，以及运动员如何受到影响。
目标：因此，本研究旨在系统评价成年女运动员的接触性乳房损伤(CBIs).
方法：搜索了以下数据库：PubMed，EMBASE,包括MEDLINE在内的SPORTDiscus,WebofScience和Scopus文献检索于2023年5月进行，检索仅限于英语和德语的文章。包括女运动员在内的研究，18岁及以上，在任何级别的任何运动(团队或个人)(业余，半专业和专业)，其中记录了CBI的发生。研究被纳入，而不管他们调查的时间框架(例如，整个职业生涯，一个或多个季节)。调查结果进行了分类(例如，运动，竞争水平和研究时间范围)，以便进行可能的比较。由于研究结果的非一般性，案例研究被排除在外。
结果：在纳入的六项研究中，橄榄球代码(橄榄球联盟，橄榄球联盟和橄榄球七人制）在八种不同的调查运动中，CBI的发生率最高（62.0％）（橄榄球代码为62.0％，垒球59.5%,澳大利亚足球联盟（AFL）51.0％，水球50.0%,足球46.7%，篮球27.6-48.8%，排球34.6%,拳击0.0%）。25.6％至62.0％的参与者报告发生CBI，0.0％至42.9％的CBI报告给医疗专业人员或支持人员。报告的CBIs治疗率介于0.0%和2.1%之间，CBI的主要机制（据报道）是与另一名运动员接触（AFL37.6%，橄榄球代码56%)球(AFL31.6%，橄榄球代码25.5%)和地面(AFL6.6%，橄榄球代码22%)。18.2%至48%的参与者报告说，CBI对他们的表现产生了负面影响。增加CBIs的危险因素是位置差异，更大的乳房大小和更高的体重指数（BMI）。通过对球员和医务人员的教育支持的季节伤害数据收集和监测被确定为与未来的CBI预防相关。没有一项研究报告发病率。
结论：尽管女性运动员中经常发生CBIs，报告和治疗仍然很低。所有利益相关者的意识和教育对于确保女性运动中更好的乳房安全至关重要。识别机械师，通过全面的伤害监测，CBIs的严重程度和危险因素必须成为进一步研究的重点。
背景：该研究在开放科学框架（OSF）上进行了预注册。
目标：因此，本研究旨在系统评价成年女运动员的接触性乳房损伤(CBIs).
方法：搜索了以下数据库：PubMed，EMBASE,包括MEDLINE在内的SPORTDiscus,WebofScience和Scopus文献检索于2023年5月进行，检索仅限于英语和德语的文章。包括女运动员在内的研究，18岁及以上，在任何级别的任何运动(团队或个人)(业余，半专业和专业)，其中记录了CBI的发生。研究被纳入，而不管他们调查的时间框架(例如，整个职业生涯，一个或多个季节)。调查结果进行了分类(例如，运动，竞争水平和研究时间范围)，以便进行可能的比较。由于研究结果的非一般性，案例研究被排除在外。
结果：在纳入的六项研究中，橄榄球代码(橄榄球联盟，橄榄球联盟和橄榄球七人制）在八种不同的调查运动中，CBI的发生率最高（62.0％）（橄榄球代码为62.0％，垒球59.5%,澳大利亚足球联盟（AFL）51.0％，水球50.0%,足球46.7%，篮球27.6-48.8%，排球34.6%,拳击0.0%）。25.6％至62.0％的参与者报告发生CBI，0.0％至42.9％的CBI报告给医疗专业人员或支持人员。报告的CBIs治疗率介于0.0%和2.1%之间，CBI的主要机制（据报道）是与另一名运动员接触（AFL37.6%，橄榄球代码56%)球(AFL31.6%，橄榄球代码25.5%)和地面(AFL6.6%，橄榄球代码22%)。18.2%至48%的参与者报告说，CBI对他们的表现产生了负面影响。增加CBIs的危险因素是位置差异，更大的乳房大小和更高的体重指数（BMI）。通过对球员和医务人员的教育支持的季节伤害数据收集和监测被确定为与未来的CBI预防相关。没有一项研究报告发病率。
结论：尽管女性运动员中经常发生CBIs，报告和治疗仍然很低。所有利益相关者的意识和教育对于确保女性运动中更好的乳房安全至关重要。识别机械师，通过全面的伤害监测，CBIs的严重程度和危险因素必须成为进一步研究的重点。
背景：该研究在开放科学框架（OSF）上进行了预注册。
