Abstract：
The development of food-grade high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) for 3D printing and the replacement of animal fats have attracted considerable attention. In this study, in order to improve the rheological properties and stability of pea protein to prepare HIPE, pea protein/carboxymethyl cellulose (pH-PP/CMC) was prepared and subjected to pH cycle treatment to produce HIPEs. The results showed that pH cycle treatment and CMC significantly reduced the droplet size of HIPEs (from 143.33 to 12.10 μm). At higher CMC concentrations, the interfacial tension of the PP solution decreased from 12.84 to 11.71 mN/m without pH cycle treatment and to 10.79 mN/m with pH cycle treatment. The HIPEs with higher CMC concentrations subjected to pH cycle treatment showed shear thinning behavior and higher viscoelasticity and recovered their solid-like properties after being subjected to 50 % strain, indicating that they could be used for 3D printing. The 3D printing results showed that the pH-PP/CMC HIPE with 0.3 % CMC had the finest structure. Our work provides new insights into developing food-grade HIPEs and facilitating their use in 3D printing inks as nutrient delivery systems and animal fat substitutes.
摘要：
用于3D打印和替代动物脂肪的食品级高内相乳液（HIPEs）的开发引起了相当多的关注。在这项研究中,为了提高豌豆蛋白的流变特性和稳定性,制备豌豆蛋白/羧甲基纤维素(pH-PP/CMC)并进行pH循环处理以产生HIPEs。结果表明，pH循环处理和CMC显着降低了HIPEs的液滴尺寸（从143.33到12.10μm）。在较高的CMC浓度下，未经pH循环处理，PP溶液的界面张力从12.84降至11.71mN/m，经pH循环处理降至10.79mN/m。具有较高CMC浓度的HIPEs经过pH循环处理后显示出剪切稀化行为和更高的粘弹性，并在经受50％应变后恢复了其固体样特性，表明它们可以用于3D打印。3D打印结果表明，含有0.3%CMC的pH-PP/CMCHIPE具有最好的结构。我们的工作为开发食品级HIPEs提供了新的见解，并促进其在3D打印油墨中用作营养输送系统和动物脂肪替代品。
