Abstract：
Cancers of the skin are the most commonly occurring cancers in humans. In fair-skinned populations, up to 95% of keratinocyte skin cancers and 70-95% of cutaneous melanomas are caused by ultraviolet radiation and are thus theoretically preventable. Currently, however, there is no comprehensive global advice on practical steps to be taken to reduce the toll of skin cancer. To address this gap, an expert working group comprising clinicians and researchers from Africa, America, Asia, Australia, and Europe, together with learned societies (European Association of Dermato-Oncology, Euromelanoma, Euroskin, European Union of Medical Specialists, and the Melanoma World Society) reviewed the extant evidence and issued the following evidence-based recommendations for photoprotection as a strategy to prevent skin cancer. Fair skinned people, especially children, should minimise their exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and are advised to use protective measures when the UV index is forecast to reach 3 or higher. Protective measures include a combination of seeking shade, physical protection (e.g. clothing, hat, sunglasses), and applying broad-spectrum, SPF 30 + sunscreens to uncovered skin. Intentional exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation for the purpose of sunbathing and tanning is considered an unhealthy behaviour and should be avoided. Similarly, use of solaria and other artificial sources of ultraviolet radiation to encourage tanning should be strongly discouraged, through regulation if necessary. Primary prevention of skin cancer has a positive return on investment. We encourage policymakers to communicate these messages to the general public and promote their wider implementation.
摘要：
皮肤癌是人类中最常见的癌症。在皮肤白皙的人群中，高达95%的角质形成细胞皮肤癌和70-95%的皮肤黑素瘤是由紫外线辐射引起的，因此理论上是可以预防的。目前,然而,关于减少皮肤癌的实际步骤，没有全面的全球建议。为了解决这个差距，一个由来自非洲的临床医生和研究人员组成的专家工作组，美国,亚洲,澳大利亚,和欧洲,与博学学会(欧洲皮肤病肿瘤学协会，欧洲黑色素瘤，Euroskin,欧洲医学专家联盟,和黑色素瘤世界协会）审查了现有证据，并发布了以下基于证据的光保护建议，作为预防皮肤癌的策略。皮肤白皙的人，尤其是儿童,应尽量减少他们暴露于紫外线辐射，并建议在预测紫外线指数达到3或更高时采取保护措施。保护措施包括寻求遮荫的组合，身体保护(例如衣服，帽子,太阳镜),并应用广谱，SPF30+防晒霜覆盖皮肤。为了日光浴和晒黑而故意暴露于太阳紫外线辐射被认为是不健康的行为，应避免。同样，应强烈反对使用日光浴室和其他人工紫外线辐射来促进晒黑，如有必要，通过监管。皮肤癌的一级预防具有积极的投资回报。我们鼓励政策制定者向公众传达这些信息，并促进其更广泛的实施。
