PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Anal cancer risk is elevated in MSM with HIV (MSMWH). Anal high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection is necessary but insufficient to develop high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), the anal cancer precursor, suggesting additional factors. We sought to determine whether the microbiome of the anal canal is distinct by comparing it with the microbiome of stool. We also sought to determine whether changes in the anal microbiome are associated with HSIL among MSMWH.
METHODS: Cross-sectional comparison of the microbiome of the anal canal with the microbiome of stool in MSMWH and cross-sectional comparison of the anal microbiome of MSMWH with anal HSIL with the anal microbiome of MSMWH without anal HSIL.
METHODS: Sterile swabs were used to sample the anus of MSMWH for microbiome and HPV testing, followed by high-resolution anoscopy. Stool samples were mailed from home. 16S sequencing was used for bacterial identification. Measures of alpha diversity, beta diversity, and differential abundance analysis were used to compare samples.
RESULTS: One hundred sixty-six anal samples and 103 matching stool samples were sequenced. Beta diversity showed clustering of stool and anal samples. Of hr-HPV-positive MSMWH, 31 had HSIL and 13 had no SIL. Comparison of the microbiome between these revealed 28 different species. The highest-fold enrichment among MSMWH/hr-HPV/HSIL included pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic Prevotella, Parasuterella, Hungatella, Sneathia, and Fusobacterium species. The anti-inflammatory Anaerostipes caccae showed the greatest reduction among MSMWH/hr-HPV/HSIL.
CONCLUSIONS: The anal microbiome is distinct from stool. A pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic environment may be associated with anal HSIL.
METHODS: Cross-sectional comparison of the microbiome of the anal canal with the microbiome of stool in MSMWH and cross-sectional comparison of the anal microbiome of MSMWH with anal HSIL with the anal microbiome of MSMWH without anal HSIL.
METHODS: Sterile swabs were used to sample the anus of MSMWH for microbiome and HPV testing, followed by high-resolution anoscopy. Stool samples were mailed from home. 16S sequencing was used for bacterial identification. Measures of alpha diversity, beta diversity, and differential abundance analysis were used to compare samples.
RESULTS: One hundred sixty-six anal samples and 103 matching stool samples were sequenced. Beta diversity showed clustering of stool and anal samples. Of hr-HPV-positive MSMWH, 31 had HSIL and 13 had no SIL. Comparison of the microbiome between these revealed 28 different species. The highest-fold enrichment among MSMWH/hr-HPV/HSIL included pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic Prevotella, Parasuterella, Hungatella, Sneathia, and Fusobacterium species. The anti-inflammatory Anaerostipes caccae showed the greatest reduction among MSMWH/hr-HPV/HSIL.
CONCLUSIONS: The anal microbiome is distinct from stool. A pro-inflammatory and carcinogenic environment may be associated with anal HSIL.
摘要：
目标：与HIV感染者（MSMLWH）发生性关系的男性患肛门癌的风险升高。肛门高危型人乳头瘤病毒（hr-HPV）感染是必要的，但不足以发展高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL），肛门癌的先兆,建议额外的因素。我们试图通过将其与粪便的微生物组进行比较来确定肛管的微生物组是否不同。我们还试图确定MSMLWH中肛门微生物组的变化是否与HSIL相关。
方法：MSMLWH中肛管微生物组与粪便微生物组的横断面比较，MSMLWH与肛门HSIL的肛门微生物组与无肛门HSIL的MSMLWH的肛门微生物组的横断面比较。
方法：使用无菌拭子对MSMLWH的肛门进行微生物组和HPV检测，其次是高分辨率肛门镜检查。粪便样本是从家里寄来的。16S测序用于细菌鉴定。阿尔法多样性的度量，β多样性和差异丰度分析用于比较样品。
结果：对166个肛门样本和103个匹配的粪便样本进行了测序。β多样性显示粪便和肛门样本聚集。hr-HPV阳性MSMLWH，31人患有HSIL，13人没有SIL。这些微生物组的比较揭示了28种不同的物种。MSMLWH/hr-HPV/HSIL中富集倍数最高的包括促炎和致癌普雷沃氏菌，Parasuterella,Hungatella,Sneathia和Fusobacterium物种。在MSMLWH/hr-HPV/HSIL中，抗炎厌氧菌表现出最大的降低。
结论：肛门微生物组不同于粪便。促炎和致癌环境可能与肛门HSIL有关。
方法：MSMLWH中肛管微生物组与粪便微生物组的横断面比较，MSMLWH与肛门HSIL的肛门微生物组与无肛门HSIL的MSMLWH的肛门微生物组的横断面比较。
方法：使用无菌拭子对MSMLWH的肛门进行微生物组和HPV检测，其次是高分辨率肛门镜检查。粪便样本是从家里寄来的。16S测序用于细菌鉴定。阿尔法多样性的度量，β多样性和差异丰度分析用于比较样品。
结果：对166个肛门样本和103个匹配的粪便样本进行了测序。β多样性显示粪便和肛门样本聚集。hr-HPV阳性MSMLWH，31人患有HSIL，13人没有SIL。这些微生物组的比较揭示了28种不同的物种。MSMLWH/hr-HPV/HSIL中富集倍数最高的包括促炎和致癌普雷沃氏菌，Parasuterella,Hungatella,Sneathia和Fusobacterium物种。在MSMLWH/hr-HPV/HSIL中，抗炎厌氧菌表现出最大的降低。
结论：肛门微生物组不同于粪便。促炎和致癌环境可能与肛门HSIL有关。
