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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Thyroid dysfunction (TD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) frequently co-occur and have overlapping pathologies, and their risk increases with age. Thyroid dysfunction along with T2DM will worsen macro- and microvascular complications, morbidity, and mortality.
METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guideline was followed. The databases used were Embase, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The data was extracted by Microsoft Excel and analyzed through STATA version 14 software. The overall pooled prevalence of TD and its main components were estimated using the random-effects model. The consistency of studies was assessed by I2 test statistics. Pooled meta-logistic regression was used to present the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Besides, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed.
RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies were included. The pooled prevalence of TD was 20.24% (95% CI: 17.85, 22.64). The pooled prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and hyperthyroidism was found to be 11.87% (95% CI: 6.90, 16.84), 7.75% (95% CI: 5.71, 9.79), 2.49% (95% CI: 0.73, 4.25), and 2.51% (95% CI: 1.89, 3.13), respectively. Subgroup analysis based on continent revealed a higher prevalence of TD in Asia and Africa. Factors like being female, HbA1c ≥ 7%, DM duration > 5 years, family history of TD, central obesity, smoking, the presence of retinopathy, and neuropathy were found associated with TD.
CONCLUSIONS: The current systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the TD\'s pooled prevalence was relatively higher than the general population. Therefore, regular screening of TD should be done for T2DM patients.
METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guideline was followed. The databases used were Embase, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The data was extracted by Microsoft Excel and analyzed through STATA version 14 software. The overall pooled prevalence of TD and its main components were estimated using the random-effects model. The consistency of studies was assessed by I2 test statistics. Pooled meta-logistic regression was used to present the pooled prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Besides, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed.
RESULTS: Thirty-eight studies were included. The pooled prevalence of TD was 20.24% (95% CI: 17.85, 22.64). The pooled prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism, and hyperthyroidism was found to be 11.87% (95% CI: 6.90, 16.84), 7.75% (95% CI: 5.71, 9.79), 2.49% (95% CI: 0.73, 4.25), and 2.51% (95% CI: 1.89, 3.13), respectively. Subgroup analysis based on continent revealed a higher prevalence of TD in Asia and Africa. Factors like being female, HbA1c ≥ 7%, DM duration > 5 years, family history of TD, central obesity, smoking, the presence of retinopathy, and neuropathy were found associated with TD.
CONCLUSIONS: The current systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the TD\'s pooled prevalence was relatively higher than the general population. Therefore, regular screening of TD should be done for T2DM patients.
摘要：
背景：甲状腺功能障碍（TD）和2型糖尿病（T2DM）经常同时发生并具有重叠的病理，他们的风险随着年龄的增长而增加。甲状腺功能异常和T2DM会加重大血管和微血管并发症,发病率，和死亡率。
方法：遵循系统评价和Meta分析陈述指南的首选报告项目。使用的数据库是Embase，ScienceDirect,PubMed,谷歌学者。使用JoanaBriggs研究所（JBI）量表评估纳入研究的质量。数据通过MicrosoftExcel提取并通过STATA版本14软件进行分析。使用随机效应模型估计了TD的总体汇总患病率及其主要成分。研究的一致性通过I2检验统计来评估。合并meta-logistic回归用于以95%置信区间(CI)呈现合并患病率。此外,采用亚组和敏感性分析.
结果：纳入了38项研究。TD的合并患病率为20.24%(95%CI:17.85,22.64)。合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症的患病率，甲状腺功能减退,亚临床甲状腺功能亢进,甲状腺功能亢进为11.87％（95％CI：6.90，16.84），7.75%（95%CI：5.71，9.79），2.49%（95%CI：0.73，4.25），和2.51%（95%CI：1.89，3.13），分别。基于大陆的亚组分析显示，亚洲和非洲的TD患病率较高。像女性这样的因素，HbA1c≥7%，DM持续时间>5年，TD家族史，中心性肥胖,吸烟,视网膜病变的存在，发现与TD相关的神经病变。
结论：目前的系统评价和荟萃分析显示，TD的合并患病率相对高于普通人群。因此,2型糖尿病患者应定期进行TD筛查。
方法：遵循系统评价和Meta分析陈述指南的首选报告项目。使用的数据库是Embase，ScienceDirect,PubMed,谷歌学者。使用JoanaBriggs研究所（JBI）量表评估纳入研究的质量。数据通过MicrosoftExcel提取并通过STATA版本14软件进行分析。使用随机效应模型估计了TD的总体汇总患病率及其主要成分。研究的一致性通过I2检验统计来评估。合并meta-logistic回归用于以95%置信区间(CI)呈现合并患病率。此外,采用亚组和敏感性分析.
结果：纳入了38项研究。TD的合并患病率为20.24%(95%CI:17.85,22.64)。合并亚临床甲状腺功能减退症的患病率，甲状腺功能减退,亚临床甲状腺功能亢进,甲状腺功能亢进为11.87％（95％CI：6.90，16.84），7.75%（95%CI：5.71，9.79），2.49%（95%CI：0.73，4.25），和2.51%（95%CI：1.89，3.13），分别。基于大陆的亚组分析显示，亚洲和非洲的TD患病率较高。像女性这样的因素，HbA1c≥7%，DM持续时间>5年，TD家族史，中心性肥胖,吸烟,视网膜病变的存在，发现与TD相关的神经病变。
结论：目前的系统评价和荟萃分析显示，TD的合并患病率相对高于普通人群。因此,2型糖尿病患者应定期进行TD筛查。
