Abstract：
This study investigated the morphology of Rhinella crucifer cutaneous glands, as well as the protein/peptide profiles and bioactivities of body gland secretions (BGS) and parotoid macrogland secretions (PS). The parotoid as well as dorsal and ventral skin fragments of male and female individuals were processed for histological analysis. The protein and peptide profiles of male and female gland secretions were evaluated. Male secretions were also assessed for proteolytic, trypsin inhibiting, hemagglutinating, hemolytic, antimicrobial, and anticoagulant activities. The R. crucifer skin structure presented protuberances that are clearly visible and formed by the integument, which has cutaneous glands throughout the body. An average of 438 and 333 glands were identified in males in females, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the distribution of glands across the body as well as for area and perimeter of glands. Differences were observed in protein composition between the PS and BGS from males and females, and secretions from animals collected from undisturbed and anthropogenically disturbed areas. Proteins with similarities to catalase and elongation factor 1-alpha were detected in the PS. Zymography revealed proteolytic activity in both male BGS and PS. Male BGS showed antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli and anticoagulant activity, being able to prolong prothrombin time by 6.34-fold and activated partial thromboplastin time by 2.17-fold. Finally, male PS and BGS caused a maximum hemolysis degree of 1.4%. The data showed that the cutaneous secretions of R. crucifer are potentially promising for biotechnological prospecting.
摘要：
这项研究调查了十字花科犀牛皮肤腺体的形态，以及体腺分泌物（BGS）和旁大腺体分泌物（PS）的蛋白质/肽谱和生物活性。对男性和女性个体的腮腺以及背侧和腹侧皮肤碎片进行组织学分析。评估了男性和女性腺分泌物的蛋白质和肽谱。还评估了男性分泌物的蛋白水解作用，胰蛋白酶抑制，血凝，溶血,抗菌，和抗凝血活性。R.crusifer的皮肤结构呈现突起，这些突起清晰可见，并由外皮形成，全身都有皮肤腺体。在男性和女性中平均发现438和333个腺体，分别。在整个身体的腺体分布以及腺体的面积和周长方面没有观察到显着差异。观察到男性和女性的PS和BGS之间的蛋白质组成差异，以及从未受干扰和人为干扰的地区收集的动物分泌物。在PS中检测到与过氧化氢酶和延伸因子1-α相似的蛋白质。酶谱显示男性BGS和PS均具有蛋白水解活性。雄性BGS对粪肠球菌和大肠埃希菌具有抗菌活性,能够将凝血酶原时间延长6.34倍，活化部分凝血活酶时间延长2.17倍。最后,男性PS和BGS引起的最大溶血程度为1.4％。数据表明，十字花树的皮肤分泌物有可能用于生物技术勘探。
