Abstract：
Industrial back support exoskeletons (BSEs) are a promising approach to addressing low back pain (LBP) which still affect a significant proportion of the workforce. They aim to reduce lumbar loading, the main biomechanical risk factor for LBP, by providing external support to the lumbar spine. The aim of this study was to determine the supporting effect of one active (A1) and two passive (P1 and P2) BSEs during different manual material handling tasks. Kinematic data and back muscle activity were collected from 12 subjects during dynamic lifting and static holding of 10 kg. Mean and peak L5/S1 extension moments, L5/S1 compression forces and muscle activation were included in the analysis. During dynamic lifting all BSEs reduced peak (12-26 %) and mean (4-17 %) extension moments and peak (10-22 %) and mean (4-15 %) compression forces in the lumbar spine. The peak (13-28 %) and mean (4-32 %) activity of the back extensor muscles was reduced accordingly. In the static holding task, analogous mean reductions for P1 and P2 of L5/S1 extension moments (12-20 %), compression forces (13-23 %) and muscular activity (16-23 %) were found. A1 showed a greater reduction during static holding for extension moments (46 %), compression forces (41 %) and muscular activity (54 %). This pronounced difference in the performance of the BSEs between tasks was attributed to the actuators used by the different BSEs.
摘要：
工业背部支持外骨骼（BSE）是解决腰痛（LBP）的一种有前途的方法，该方法仍然影响着很大一部分劳动力。他们的目标是减少腰部负荷，LBP的主要生物力学危险因素，通过为腰椎提供外部支撑。这项研究的目的是确定在不同的手动材料处理任务中，一个主动（A1）和两个被动（P1和P2）BSE的支持作用。在动态提升和静态保持10公斤的过程中，从12名受试者中收集了运动学数据和背部肌肉活动。平均和峰值L5/S1延伸矩，分析中包括L5/S1压缩力和肌肉激活。在动态提升过程中，所有BSE均降低了腰椎的峰值（12-26％）和平均（4-17％）伸展力矩以及峰值（10-22％）和平均（4-15％）压缩力。背部伸肌的峰值（13-28％）和平均（4-32％）活性相应降低。在静态持有任务中，L5/S1延伸矩的P1和P2的类似平均减少(12-20%)，压缩力（13-23％）和肌肉活动（16-23％）被发现。A1在拉伸力矩的静态保持过程中显示出更大的减少(46%)，压缩力(41%)和肌肉活动(54%)。任务之间的BSE性能的这种明显差异归因于不同BSE使用的执行器。
