Abstract：
Modern Pentathlon (MP) includes an equestrian Jumping discipline, with horses drawn blindly by unfamiliar riders. At the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Summer Games, concerns regarding inadequate horsemanship generated adverse publicity for MP. Conventional stadium Jumping in Tokyo provided an opportunity for comparison of the two closest Olympic equestrian Jumping disciplines. The objectives of this study were to complete an objective analysis of the Tokyo MP riding phases, and to test the hypothesis that MP riding faults in women\'s and men\'s Tokyo competitions combined were more frequent than in the Individual Jumping Qualifier (JQ). Types of faults for Tokyo MP (n = 71 riders) and JQ (n = 73 riders) were tabulated from published official results and detailed observation of online videos of each competition. Fault distributions were compared using Chi-square analysis (significance at P < .05). MP riders had more jumping faults (15.4 %) than JQ (7.8 %, P < .0001). Both MP and JQ riders had more faults at oxers (17.1 %, P < .0001 and 9.7 %, P = .0171, respectively) than verticals (14.5 % and 6.2 %). JQ (9.8 %, P = .0093) but not MP (15.7 %, p = .5166) riders had more faults in the second half of the course compared to the first half (5.7 % and 15.0 %, respectively). Double clear rounds (no jumping or time faults) were 4.9 times more likely in JQ (34.2 %) than in MP (6.9 %: P < .0001). Proposed solutions to decrease MP fault frequency include lower maximum fence heights, fewer jumping efforts, and a more liberal re-ride policy.
摘要：
现代五项（MP）包括马术跳跃学科，马被不熟悉的骑手盲目地吸引。在东京2020年夏季奥运会上，对马术不足的担忧对国会议员产生了不利的宣传。东京的传统体育场跳跃为比较两个最接近的奥林匹克马术跳跃学科提供了机会。这项研究的目的是完成对东京MP骑行阶段的客观分析，并检验以下假设：女子和男子东京比赛中的MP骑行失误比个人跳台资格赛（JQ）更为频繁。根据已发布的官方结果和对每次比赛的在线视频的详细观察，列出了东京MP（n=71名骑手）和JQ（n=73名骑手）的故障类型。使用卡方分析比较了故障分布(P<0.05时的显著性)。MP骑手的跳跃故障（15.4％）比JQ（7.8％，P<.0001)。MP和JQ车手在oxers都有更多的故障(17.1%，P<.0001和9.7%，分别为P=0.0171）比垂直（14.5%和6.2%）。JQ（9.8%，P=.0093)，但不是MP(15.7%，p=.5166）与上半场相比，下半场的车手故障更多（5.7％和15.0％，分别)。JQ（34.2％）的两次清晰回合（无跳跃或时间错误）的可能性是MP（6.9％：P<0.0001）的4.9倍。降低MP故障频率的建议解决方案包括降低最大围栏高度，更少的跳跃努力，和更自由的重乘政策。
