PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The use of drones in the health care sector is increasingly being discussed against the background of the aging population and the growing shortage of skilled workers. In particular, the use of drones to provide medication in rural areas could bring advantages for the care of people with and without a need for care. However, there are hardly any data available that focus on the interaction between humans and drones.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to disclose and analyze factors associated with user acceptance of drone-based medication delivery to derive practice-relevant guidance points for participatory technology development (for apps and drones).
METHODS: A controlled mixed methods study was conducted that supports the technical development process of an app design for drone-assisted drug delivery based on a participatory research design. For the quantitative analysis, established and standardized survey instruments to capture technology acceptance, such as the System Usability Scale; Technology Usage Inventory (TUI); and the Motivation, Engagement, and Thriving in User Experience model, were used. To avoid possible biasing effects from a continuous user development (eg, response shifts and learning effects), an ad hoc group was formed at each of the 3 iterative development steps and was subsequently compared with the consisting core group, which went through all 3 iterations.
RESULTS: The study found a positive correlation between the usability of a pharmacy drone app and participants\' willingness to use it (r=0.833). Participants\' perception of usefulness positively influenced their willingness to use the app (r=0.487; TUI). Skepticism had a negative impact on perceived usability and willingness to use it (r=-0.542; System Usability Scale and r=-0.446; TUI). The study found that usefulness, skepticism, and curiosity explained most of the intention to use the app (F3,17=21.12; P<.001; R2=0.788; adjusted R2=0.751). The core group showed higher ratings on the intention to use the pharmacy drone app than the ad hoc groups. Results of the 2-tailed t tests showed a higher rating on usability for the third iteration of the core group compared with the first iteration.
CONCLUSIONS: With the help of the participatory design, important aspects of acceptance could be revealed by the people involved in relation to drone-assisted drug delivery. For example, the length of time spent using the technology is an important factor for the intention to use the app. Technology-specific factors such as user-friendliness or curiosity are directly related to the use acceptance of the drone app. Results of this study showed that the more participants perceived their own competence in handling the app, the more they were willing to use the technology and the more they rated the app as usable.
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to disclose and analyze factors associated with user acceptance of drone-based medication delivery to derive practice-relevant guidance points for participatory technology development (for apps and drones).
METHODS: A controlled mixed methods study was conducted that supports the technical development process of an app design for drone-assisted drug delivery based on a participatory research design. For the quantitative analysis, established and standardized survey instruments to capture technology acceptance, such as the System Usability Scale; Technology Usage Inventory (TUI); and the Motivation, Engagement, and Thriving in User Experience model, were used. To avoid possible biasing effects from a continuous user development (eg, response shifts and learning effects), an ad hoc group was formed at each of the 3 iterative development steps and was subsequently compared with the consisting core group, which went through all 3 iterations.
RESULTS: The study found a positive correlation between the usability of a pharmacy drone app and participants\' willingness to use it (r=0.833). Participants\' perception of usefulness positively influenced their willingness to use the app (r=0.487; TUI). Skepticism had a negative impact on perceived usability and willingness to use it (r=-0.542; System Usability Scale and r=-0.446; TUI). The study found that usefulness, skepticism, and curiosity explained most of the intention to use the app (F3,17=21.12; P<.001; R2=0.788; adjusted R2=0.751). The core group showed higher ratings on the intention to use the pharmacy drone app than the ad hoc groups. Results of the 2-tailed t tests showed a higher rating on usability for the third iteration of the core group compared with the first iteration.
CONCLUSIONS: With the help of the participatory design, important aspects of acceptance could be revealed by the people involved in relation to drone-assisted drug delivery. For example, the length of time spent using the technology is an important factor for the intention to use the app. Technology-specific factors such as user-friendliness or curiosity are directly related to the use acceptance of the drone app. Results of this study showed that the more participants perceived their own competence in handling the app, the more they were willing to use the technology and the more they rated the app as usable.
摘要：
背景：在人口老龄化和熟练工人日益短缺的背景下，越来越多地讨论无人机在医疗保健部门的使用。特别是,在农村地区使用无人机提供药物可以为需要和不需要照顾的人带来好处。然而,几乎没有任何数据关注人类和无人机之间的相互作用。
目的：本研究旨在揭示和分析与用户接受基于无人机的药物交付相关的因素，以得出与实践相关的指导点，用于参与式技术开发（针对应用程序和无人机）。
方法：进行了一项对照混合方法研究，该研究支持基于参与性研究设计的无人机辅助药物输送应用程序设计的技术开发过程。为了定量分析，建立和标准化的调查仪器，以获取技术验收，例如系统可用性量表；技术使用清单(TUI)；和动机，订婚,并在用户体验模型中蓬勃发展，被使用。为了避免来自连续用户开发的可能的偏置效应(例如，反应转变和学习效果)，在3个迭代开发步骤中的每一个步骤中都成立了一个特设小组，随后与组成的核心小组进行了比较，它经历了所有3次迭代。
结果：研究发现药房无人机应用程序的可用性与参与者使用意愿之间存在正相关关系（r=0.833）。参与者对有用性的感知对他们使用应用程序的意愿有积极影响(r=0.487；TUI)。怀疑主义对感知的可用性和使用意愿有负面影响（r=-0.542；系统可用性量表和r=-0.446；TUI）。研究发现，有用性，怀疑论,好奇心和好奇心解释了使用该应用程序的大部分意图（F3,17=21.12;P<.001;R2=0.788;调整后的R2=0.751）。核心小组对使用药房无人机应用程序的意图的评价高于特设小组。双尾t测试的结果显示，与第一次迭代相比，核心组第三次迭代的可用性评分更高。
结论：在参与式设计的帮助下，有关无人机辅助药物输送的人员可以揭示接受的重要方面。例如,使用该技术的时间长短是使用该应用程序的重要因素。用户友好性或好奇心等特定技术因素与无人机应用程序的使用接受度直接相关。这项研究的结果表明，越多的参与者感知到自己处理应用程序的能力，他们越愿意使用该技术，他们就越认为该应用程序可用。
目的：本研究旨在揭示和分析与用户接受基于无人机的药物交付相关的因素，以得出与实践相关的指导点，用于参与式技术开发（针对应用程序和无人机）。
方法：进行了一项对照混合方法研究，该研究支持基于参与性研究设计的无人机辅助药物输送应用程序设计的技术开发过程。为了定量分析，建立和标准化的调查仪器，以获取技术验收，例如系统可用性量表；技术使用清单(TUI)；和动机，订婚,并在用户体验模型中蓬勃发展，被使用。为了避免来自连续用户开发的可能的偏置效应(例如，反应转变和学习效果)，在3个迭代开发步骤中的每一个步骤中都成立了一个特设小组，随后与组成的核心小组进行了比较，它经历了所有3次迭代。
结果：研究发现药房无人机应用程序的可用性与参与者使用意愿之间存在正相关关系（r=0.833）。参与者对有用性的感知对他们使用应用程序的意愿有积极影响(r=0.487；TUI)。怀疑主义对感知的可用性和使用意愿有负面影响（r=-0.542；系统可用性量表和r=-0.446；TUI）。研究发现，有用性，怀疑论,好奇心和好奇心解释了使用该应用程序的大部分意图（F3,17=21.12;P<.001;R2=0.788;调整后的R2=0.751）。核心小组对使用药房无人机应用程序的意图的评价高于特设小组。双尾t测试的结果显示，与第一次迭代相比，核心组第三次迭代的可用性评分更高。
结论：在参与式设计的帮助下，有关无人机辅助药物输送的人员可以揭示接受的重要方面。例如,使用该技术的时间长短是使用该应用程序的重要因素。用户友好性或好奇心等特定技术因素与无人机应用程序的使用接受度直接相关。这项研究的结果表明，越多的参与者感知到自己处理应用程序的能力，他们越愿意使用该技术，他们就越认为该应用程序可用。
