Abstract：
Second near-infrared (NIR-II) carbon dots, with absorption or emission between 1000 and 1700 nm, are gaining increasing attention in the biomaterial field due to their distinctive properties, which include straightforward preparation processes, stable photophysical characteristics, excellent biocompatibility, and low cost. As a result, there is a growing focus on the controlled synthesis and modulation of the photochemical and photophysical properties of NIR-II carbon dots, with the aim to further expand their biomedical applications, a current research hotspot. This account aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in NIR-II carbon dots within the biomedical field. The review will cover the following topics: (i) the design, synthesis, and purification of NIR-II carbon dots, (ii) the surface modification strategies, and (iii) the biomedical applications, particularly in the domain of cancer theranostics. Additionally, this account addresses the challenges encountered by NIR-II carbon dots and will outline future directions in the realm of cancer theranostics. By exploring carbon-based NIR-II biomaterials, we can anticipate that this contribution will garner increased attention and contribute to the development of next-generation advanced functional carbon dots, thereby offering enhanced tools and strategies in the biomedical field.
摘要：
第二近红外（NIR-II）碳点，吸收或发射在1000和1700纳米之间，由于其独特的特性，在生物材料领域越来越受到重视，其中包括简单的准备过程，稳定的光物理特性，优异的生物相容性，和低成本。因此,人们越来越关注NIR-II碳点的光化学和光物理性质的受控合成和调制，旨在进一步扩大其生物医学应用，目前的研究热点。该帐户旨在全面概述生物医学领域NIR-II碳点的最新进展。审查将涵盖以下主题：（i）设计，合成，以及NIR-II碳点的纯化，(ii)表面改性策略，和（iii）生物医学应用，特别是在癌症治疗领域。此外,该帐户解决了NIR-II碳点遇到的挑战，并将概述癌症治疗领域的未来方向。通过探索碳基NIR-II生物材料，我们可以预见，这一贡献将引起更多的关注，并有助于下一代先进功能碳点的发展，从而在生物医学领域提供增强的工具和策略。
