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Abstract：
Introduction Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a fundamental practice-based intervention for treating autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Few studies have directly measured and evaluated the effects of ABA on verbal behaviors, mainly using the Verbal Behavior Milestones Assessment and Placement Program (VBMAPP) and the Assessment of Basic Language and Learning Skills (ABLLS) as outcome measures. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the relationship between ABA interventions and the enhancement of verbal skills, as measured by the VBMAPP and the ABLLS, in a convenience sample of individuals with ASD. Materials and methods At The Oxford Centers (TOCs) in Brighton and Troy, Michigan, USA, 33 individuals with autism received treatment from January 2018 to July 2021, spanning 43 months. A pretest-posttest design was employed to retrospectively examine any impacts between ABA interventions and alterations in verbal scores among individuals with ASD. Depending on developmental age, all subjects underwent two verbal assessments with a six-month interval in-between. Twelve children were administered the VBMAPP, while 21 were given the ABLLS. Results Paired t-tests for pretest and posttest VBMAPP subscales resulted in statistically significant effects (p<0.05) for (VBMAPP - Mand), (VBMAPP - Tact), (VBMAPP - Listener Responding), (VBMAPP - Visual Perceptual Skills and Matching-to-Sample), (VBMAPP -Independent Play), (VBMAPP - Social Play), (VBMAPP - Motor Imitation), (VBMAPP - Spontaneous Vocalization), (VBMAPP - Intraverbal), (VBMAPP - Group Behavior), and (VBMAPP - Linguistic Structure). As measured by Cohen\'s d, effect sizes were moderate to mostly high (-0.623 to -1.688). There were non-significant results (p>0.05) for (VBMAPP - Listener Responding by Feature, Function, and Class) and (VBMAPP - Echoic). Paired t-tests for pretest and posttest ABLLS subscales resulted in statistically significant effects (p<.05) for all ABLLS scales: (ABLLS - Receptive Language), (ABLLS - Requests), (ABLLS - Labeling), (ABLLS - Intraverbals), (ABLLS - Spontaneous Vocalizations), (ABLLS - Syntax Grammar), (ABLLS - Social Interactions), and (ABLLS - Generalized Responding). As measured by Cohen\'s d, effect sizes were moderate to mostly high (-0.656 to -1.372). Conclusions The administration of ABA treatments had a noteworthy influence, with statistically significant impacts on improving verbal behaviors on 11 of the 13 VBMAPP scales and all of the ABLLS scales. As measured by Cohen\'s d, effect sizes were moderate to high for both scales. These findings underscore the importance and effectiveness of ABA interventions in enhancing verbal skills in children with ASD. However, it\'s crucial to note that further confirmatory studies are required to verify the reliability of these original findings, emphasizing the ongoing need for research in this field.
摘要：
引言应用行为分析（ABA）是治疗自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）的基于实践的基本干预措施。很少有研究直接测量和评估ABA对言语行为的影响，主要使用言语行为里程碑评估和安置计划（VBMAPP）和基本语言和学习技能评估（ABLLS）作为结果指标。这项研究旨在通过检查ABA干预措施与言语技能增强之间的关系来填补这一空白，由VBMAPP和ABLLS测量，在ASD患者的便利样本中。布莱顿和特洛伊的牛津中心(TOC)的材料和方法，密歇根州,美国,从2018年1月到2021年7月，33名自闭症患者接受了治疗，持续时间为43个月。采用前测-后测设计来回顾性检查ABA干预措施与ASD患者言语评分变化之间的任何影响。根据发育年龄，所有受试者进行了两次口头评估,中间间隔为6个月.12名儿童接受了VBMAPP，而21人获得了ABLLS。结果前测和后测VBMAPP分量表的配对t检验对（VBMAPP-Mand）产生了统计学上的显着影响（p<0.05），（VBMAPP-Tact），（VBMAPP-监听器响应），（VBMAPP-视觉感知技能和样本匹配），（VBMAPP-独立播放），（VBMAPP-社交游戏），（VBMAPP-电机模拟），（VBMAPP-自发发声），（VBMAPP-语言内），（VBMAPP-群体行为），和（VBMAPP-语言结构）。根据科恩的d，效应大小中等至大部分高(-0.623至-1.688)。(VBMAPP-由特征引起的听众响应，Function,和类)和(VBMAPP-回声)。前测和后测ABLLS子量表的配对t检验导致所有ABLLS量表的统计学显着影响（p<0.05）：（ABLLS-接受语言），(ABLLS-请求)，（标签-标签），（英文-口头语言），(ABLLS-自发发声)，(ABLLS-语法语法),(ABLLS-SocialInteractions)，和(ABLLS-广义响应)。根据科恩的d，效应大小中等至大部分高(-0.656至-1.372)。结论ABA治疗的管理有显著的影响，在13个VBMAPP量表中的11个和所有ABLLS量表上对改善言语行为具有统计学上的显着影响。根据科恩的d，两种量表的效应大小均为中等至高。这些发现强调了ABA干预在提高ASD儿童言语技能方面的重要性和有效性。然而,重要的是要注意，需要进一步的验证性研究来验证这些原始发现的可靠性，强调这一领域研究的持续需要。
