Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Mirror syndrome (MS) is a condition characterized by the presence of maternal, fetal, and placental edema and is reversible through delivery or pregnancy termination. As fetal hydrops itself may be amenable to treatment, we sought to determine outcomes for MS primarily managed by fetal therapy through a narrative review of the literature and cases managed at our fetal center.
UNASSIGNED: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched through January 2024 using key words: mirror syndrome, Ballantyne\'s syndrome, fetal hydrops, maternal hydrops, pseudotoxemia, triple edema, maternal recovery, fetal therapy, and resolution. Manuscripts describing primary management by fetal therapy that included maternal and fetal outcomes were identified. Clinical details of MS patients managed with fetal therapy at our center were also included for descriptive analysis.
UNASSIGNED: 16 of 517 manuscripts (3.1%) described fetal therapy as the primary intended treatment in 17 patients. 3 patients managed at our center were included in the analysis. Among 20 patients undergoing primary fetal therapy for management of mirror syndrome, median gestational age of presentation was 24 weeks and 5 days gestation; predominant clinical findings were maternal edema (15/20), proteinuria (10/20), pulmonary edema (8/20), and hypertension (8/20); the primary laboratory abnormalities were anemia (8/20) and elevated creatinine or transaminases (5/20). Condition-specific fetal therapies led to resolution of hydrops in 17 (85%) cases and MS in 19 (95%) cases. The median time to hydrops resolution was 7.5 days and to resolution of mirror syndrome was 10 days. Fetal therapy prolonged pregnancy by a median of 10 weeks with a median gestational age of 35 weeks and 5 days at delivery. All women delivered for indications other than mirror syndrome and 19/20 fetuses survived.
UNASSIGNED: In appropriately selected cases, MS often resolves after fetal therapy of hydrops allowing for safe pregnancy prolongation with good maternal and infant outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched through January 2024 using key words: mirror syndrome, Ballantyne\'s syndrome, fetal hydrops, maternal hydrops, pseudotoxemia, triple edema, maternal recovery, fetal therapy, and resolution. Manuscripts describing primary management by fetal therapy that included maternal and fetal outcomes were identified. Clinical details of MS patients managed with fetal therapy at our center were also included for descriptive analysis.
UNASSIGNED: 16 of 517 manuscripts (3.1%) described fetal therapy as the primary intended treatment in 17 patients. 3 patients managed at our center were included in the analysis. Among 20 patients undergoing primary fetal therapy for management of mirror syndrome, median gestational age of presentation was 24 weeks and 5 days gestation; predominant clinical findings were maternal edema (15/20), proteinuria (10/20), pulmonary edema (8/20), and hypertension (8/20); the primary laboratory abnormalities were anemia (8/20) and elevated creatinine or transaminases (5/20). Condition-specific fetal therapies led to resolution of hydrops in 17 (85%) cases and MS in 19 (95%) cases. The median time to hydrops resolution was 7.5 days and to resolution of mirror syndrome was 10 days. Fetal therapy prolonged pregnancy by a median of 10 weeks with a median gestational age of 35 weeks and 5 days at delivery. All women delivered for indications other than mirror syndrome and 19/20 fetuses survived.
UNASSIGNED: In appropriately selected cases, MS often resolves after fetal therapy of hydrops allowing for safe pregnancy prolongation with good maternal and infant outcomes.
摘要：
■镜像综合征（MS）是一种以母体存在为特征的疾病，胎儿,和胎盘水肿，通过分娩或终止妊娠是可逆的。由于胎儿积水本身可能适合治疗，我们通过对我们胎儿中心管理的文献和病例进行叙述性回顾,试图确定主要由胎儿治疗管理的MS的结局.
■PubMed,Embase,WebofScience,Scopus,谷歌学者数据库在2024年1月使用关键词进行搜索：镜像综合征，巴兰坦综合征,胎儿水肿,产妇积水,假性毒血症,三重水肿，产妇康复,胎儿治疗,和决议。确定了描述胎儿治疗的主要管理包括母体和胎儿结局的手稿。在我们中心接受胎儿治疗的MS患者的临床细节也包括在描述性分析中。
■517份手稿中有16份（3.1％）将胎儿疗法描述为17例患者的主要预期治疗方法。在我们中心管理的3名患者被纳入分析。在20例接受初级胎儿治疗以治疗镜像综合征的患者中，报告的中位孕龄为24周和5天;主要临床发现为母体水肿(15/20),蛋白尿（10/20），肺水肿（8/20），和高血压（8/20）;主要实验室检查异常是贫血（8/20）和肌酐或转氨酶升高（5/20）。特定条件的胎儿疗法导致17例（85％）的水肿和19例（95％）的MS的缓解。水肿消退的中位时间为7.5天，镜像综合征消退的中位时间为10天。胎儿治疗延长妊娠的中位数为10周，分娩时的中位孕龄为35周和5天。除镜像综合征外，所有妇女均接受了指征，19/20胎儿存活。
■在适当选择的情况下，MS通常在胎儿水肿治疗后消退，从而可以安全地延长妊娠，并具有良好的母婴结局。
■PubMed,Embase,WebofScience,Scopus,谷歌学者数据库在2024年1月使用关键词进行搜索：镜像综合征，巴兰坦综合征,胎儿水肿,产妇积水,假性毒血症,三重水肿，产妇康复,胎儿治疗,和决议。确定了描述胎儿治疗的主要管理包括母体和胎儿结局的手稿。在我们中心接受胎儿治疗的MS患者的临床细节也包括在描述性分析中。
■517份手稿中有16份（3.1％）将胎儿疗法描述为17例患者的主要预期治疗方法。在我们中心管理的3名患者被纳入分析。在20例接受初级胎儿治疗以治疗镜像综合征的患者中，报告的中位孕龄为24周和5天;主要临床发现为母体水肿(15/20),蛋白尿（10/20），肺水肿（8/20），和高血压（8/20）;主要实验室检查异常是贫血（8/20）和肌酐或转氨酶升高（5/20）。特定条件的胎儿疗法导致17例（85％）的水肿和19例（95％）的MS的缓解。水肿消退的中位时间为7.5天，镜像综合征消退的中位时间为10天。胎儿治疗延长妊娠的中位数为10周，分娩时的中位孕龄为35周和5天。除镜像综合征外，所有妇女均接受了指征，19/20胎儿存活。
■在适当选择的情况下，MS通常在胎儿水肿治疗后消退，从而可以安全地延长妊娠，并具有良好的母婴结局。
