Abstract：
Exposure to immune dysregulation in utero or in early life has been shown to increase risk for neuropsychiatric illness. The sources of inflammation can be varied, including acute exposures due to maternal infection or acute stress, or persistent exposures due to chronic stress, obesity, malnutrition, or autoimmune diseases. These exposures may cause subtle alteration in brain development, structure, and function that can become progressively magnified across the life span, potentially increasing the likelihood of developing a neuropsychiatric conditions. There is some evidence that males are more susceptible to early-life inflammatory challenges than females. In this review, we discuss the various sources of in utero or early-life immune alteration and the known effects on fetal development with a sex-specific lens. To do so, we leveraged neuroimaging, behavioral, cellular, and neurochemical findings. Gaining clarity about how the intrauterine environment affects offspring development is critically important for informing preventive and early intervention measures that may buffer against the effects of these early-life risk factors.
摘要：
已知子宫内或生命早期暴露于炎症会增加神经精神疾病的风险。炎症的来源可以变化，包括由于母体感染或急性压力引起的急性暴露，或由于慢性压力而持续暴露，肥胖，营养不良,或自身免疫性疾病。这些暴露可能会导致大脑发育的微妙改变，结构,和功能可以在整个生命周期中逐渐放大，可能增加神经精神疾病的风险。有一些证据表明，与女性相比，男性更容易受到早期炎症挑战的影响。在这次审查中,我们讨论子宫内或生命早期炎症的各种来源，以及对胎儿发育的已知影响。我们还讨论了这些变化，重点是大脑中的性别差异，利用神经成像，以及行为，细胞，和神经化学发现。明确子宫内环境如何影响后代发育对于告知预防性和早期干预措施至关重要，这些措施可以缓冲这些早期生命风险因素的影响。
